Epstein Data Wiki

Martin Nowak

Properties2
tagsperson, academia, harvard-university, program-for-evolutionary-dynamics, science-philanthropy
aliasesMartin A. Nowak, Martin Andreas Nowak, Nowak, Martin

21 min read

BornApril 7, 1965, Vienna1
PositionsProfessor of mathematics and of biology, Harvard University, from July 20031; director, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics (PED), 2003–2021234; previously Oxford and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton1
Epstein funding$6.5 million from Epstein in 2003 to establish PED, the largest single gift Epstein made to Harvard, per Harvard’s 2020 review24
Contact with EpsteinCorrespondence, meetings and travel recorded in the released files; earliest located message is dated May 23, 2001, addressed to a recipient redacted in the release, and correspondence continues to at least June 7, 201956
Harvard actionPaid administrative leave, May 2020; sanctioned and PED closed, March 2021; sanctions lifted, March 2023; paid administrative leave again, February 20267348

Martin Andreas Nowak (born April 7, 1965) is an Austrian-born mathematical biologist who has been a professor of mathematics and of biology at Harvard University since 2003, where he founded and directed the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics until Harvard closed it in 2021.13 Jeffrey Epstein gave $6.5 million in 2003 to establish the programme. That was the largest single gift he made to Harvard, out of $9,179,000 given between 1998 and 2008, and Harvard accepted no gifts from him after his 2008 conviction.2

Documents released by the Justice Department record that Epstein continued to use the programme’s offices at One Brattle Square in Cambridge for meetings for most of the following decade, that Epstein’s office kept a key to Nowak’s room there,9101112 and that Nowak arranged introductions for him with other academics,13 was booked by Epstein’s office on trips to his New Mexico ranch and his Caribbean island,1415 and in November 2015 drafted for Epstein’s signature a letter to a grant-making foundation confirming matching funds for a PED project.16

Harvard’s 2020 review of its ties to Epstein found that aspects of that relationship implicated University policies; the Faculty of Arts and Sciences placed Nowak on paid administrative leave, sanctioned him in 2021 and closed PED, then lifted the sanctions in 2023 and opened a second investigation in February 2026.17348 Nowak has not been accused of any crime.17 Epstein’s last trust instrument, made two days before his death, directs a distribution of $5,000,000 to “MARTIN NOWACK”; this page does not establish that any distribution under that or any other Epstein trust instrument was ever actually made to Nowak.18

The 2003 gift and the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics

Nowak was making introductions for Epstein before the Harvard gift. A message from him dated May 23, 2001, when he headed the Program in Theoretical Biology at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,1 reports that “professor jasha sinai” would be in Princeton that evening, “expects jeffrey’s phone call” and would be in Russia when “jeffrey visists,” where he “can introduce him to people at the academy, at moscow state univ and at the landau inst for theor phys.” The recipient’s name and address are both redacted.5

The Harvard Crimson reported on February 7, 2003 that Epstein had pledged $30 million to Harvard to support Nowak’s work, in a meeting with then-president Lawrence H. Summers two weeks earlier, and that Nowak would take up his Harvard post on July 1. Nowak told the paper: “At Harvard, there is a tremendous opportunity.”19 Harvard’s 2020 review put the gift that actually established the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics that year at $6.5 million, and Epstein’s total giving to the University at $9,179,000 across 22 gifts between 1998 and 2008.2

Epstein’s own promotional materials give larger and inconsistent figures. A blog post prepared for him states that “Epstein started funding the Program with a $30 million grant in 2003”; a longer article circulated on his behalf calls it “an unprecedented $30 million dollar gift”; a third describes “a $35 million gift to Harvard University.”202122 All three are material written for Epstein rather than independent accounts of what Harvard received.

Epstein at One Brattle Square

After Epstein’s 2008 Florida conviction Harvard took no further gifts from him, but he kept coming to the programme’s offices at One Brattle Square, Suite 6. Harvard’s 2020 review estimated that he visited PED more than 40 times between 2010 and 2018, that the programme kept a room for him known as “Jeffrey’s Office,” and that PED gave him keycard and passcode access to the building. The reviewers recorded Nowak’s answer on the office in the same passage: he “informed us that, in his view, the office was only nominally Epstein’s and that it was simply a visitor’s office that was called ‘Jeffrey’s Office,’”2 while others who worked at PED “believed it was reserved for Epstein’s use when he came.” The report also found that Epstein “was routinely accompanied on these visits by young women … who acted as his assistants.”24

The released files show how the access worked in practice. In April 2013, planning a Harvard weekend when Nowak would be in Korea, Epstein’s assistant Lesley Groff wrote to a PED administrator that “Jeffrey would still like to hold his meetings in martins office. We should still have a key to the office but is that all we need to get in?”; the administrator replied that “in addition to the key to room 610 there is a proximity card to enter the building and elevator.”9 The next day Groff asked Epstein’s staff where the key was, noting that neither Nowak nor the programme’s administrator would be there that weekend.23 A trip sheet for a Boston day in June 2014 carries the instruction “TAKE KEY TO MARTIN NOWAK’S INSTITUTE!” above a schedule of meetings at “Martin Nowak’s Institute, 1 Brattle Square, Suite 6.”10 Office reminders from March 2017 record the key still in circulation: put “the key to Martin’s office in JE’s black bag for tomorrows trip,” and two days later, “make sure the key to Martin’s office is back in my drawer.”1112

Nowak arranged introductions at the programme. On February 13, 2011 he wrote to the Harvard mathematician Shing-Tung Yau: “unexpectedly jeffrey epstein is visiting today. he would very much like to meet you. he greatly admires your work and achievements. he would be available at PED (6th floor, 1 Brattle Square) any time between 10am and 2:30pm.” He forwarded Yau’s reply to Epstein the next day.13 Ahead of a three-day Harvard visit in April 2014 Epstein wrote to him, “lets make sure we ahave a full schedule of the brightest and best for 21 -23,” and Nowak answered within hours: “perfect i will work on it!!! what times will you be at PED?”24 Epstein also used the address to reach people who did not work there: in March 2012 he wrote to Noam Chomsky, “Noam, I will be on Brattle Street , at the evolutionary dynamics institute. you would be welcome to join me there, I will send a car …”25 The Wall Street Journal reported in 2023 that Epstein, Nowak and Chomsky met at the PED office in March 2015; Chomsky confirmed the meeting and said the group discussed neuroscience and computer science, and Nowak did not respond to a request for comment on that report.26

The Harvard gathering of September 17, 2016

On September 12, 2016 Epstein told his office: “ehud barak lawrence krauss will be at martins sat afternoon. please orgnize others. joscha, joi.” His assistant asked, “Shall I ask Chomsky? Summers?”, and Epstein replied, “summers.”27 The next morning the assistant wrote to Summers’s office that Epstein “will be up at Harvard this coming Saturday Sept. 17th…he will be meeting with many interesting people and wondered if Larry might be around and like to come by Martin’s Institute,” adding that “Lawrence Krauss will be visiting earlier in the day…Ehud Barak will be there late afternoon…I know Joscha Bach and Joi Ito will be there as well.”28 On September 14 the office put a “To See List” for the Saturday to Epstein, naming Lawrence Krauss, Nowak, Joi Ito, Joscha Bach, Ehud Barak and Leon Peshkin, and asked whether the guests should come at the same time or be spread across the day; Epstein answered, “same time fine around 12.” That list names no venue.29 The night before, Epstein’s assistant wrote to Nowak that Epstein was “due to arrive Bedford airport at 10:30am,” that he would bring Joi Ito and a further guest directly to the institute, that “everyone else is due to arrive 12:00pm,” and named Krauss, Barak, Ito, Peshkin, Bach and Nowak among that day’s attendees.30 Nowak asked the next morning, “Any update on arrival?”; the reply was that the party “have departed,” with an estimated arrival of 10:32 a.m.31 No document on this page establishes that any of the invited guests actually attended the Saturday gathering.

Travel and visits

An Orbitz itinerary sent to Nowak on December 9, 2011 booked him from Boston to St Thomas the following morning, for the science conference Epstein convened in the U.S. Virgin Islands that month.32 A promotional article circulated for Epstein afterwards described the December meeting as bringing together Marvin Minsky, “Martin Nowak, Professor of Biology and Mathematics and Director of the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University,” Lawrence Krauss and Gregory Benford; it is Epstein’s own publicity rather than an independent record of who attended.33

In April 2011 Nowak wrote to Epstein: “what about a conference on the island entitled ‘From bacteria to brains’ Why is evolution constructive?”34 Epstein’s office booked and rebooked a Nowak trip to Little Saint James over the turn of 2012–13 and then cancelled it on January 4, 2013, an assistant writing that “Martin is no longer going to the island.”35

For August 2013 Epstein’s office arranged a stay at his New Mexico ranch. A schedule circulated on July 31 has Nowak arriving in Albuquerque on August 9 and departing on August 14, but the booking was changed: an itinerary issued on August 2 booked him from Boston to Albuquerque on August 11, with a scheduled arrival of 11:51 a.m., and back on August 14, with the MIT neuroscientist Ed Boyden on the same flight.3614 On August 9 Nowak wrote to the ranch, “thank you so much for letting me know. i have no food issues … i will meet ed on the plane,” and was told, “Great, we look forward to having you at the Ranch.”14

On February 11, 2014 Epstein wrote to Nowak asking whether he and one other person could come to the island on March 1.37 Nowak asked Groff a week later whether the invitation was still on, supplied the other traveller’s details on February 22, and on February 23 Epstein’s office sent him tickets “to go to Jeffrey’s island” for March 7 to 9, booked for Nowak and one other traveller.381539 Nowak replied on February 25: “all of this looks good. many thanks. i have been able to get seats next to each other for the return flight. i will continue to check for the outgoing flight.”40

The Templeton matching-funds letter, 2015

On November 19, 2015 Nowak sent Epstein and Groff a draft: “this is the proposed text for a letter from jeffrey sent directly to Barnaby Marsh / the John Templeton Foundation is considering awarding me a grant for 1.5M / they need confirmation from the donor (Jeffrey) that I already have matching funds / i hope this is ok.” The attached text, written over Epstein’s name, told the foundation that “$1,500,328 … from Harvard University fund 347150 has been budgeted for this project” and that “In 2003 I established this gift to the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics to support precisely this type of cutting edge research.”16 Some of the emails quoted on this page carry transmission damage in the print itself; where a character was lost, it is supplied here in square brackets. Six days after Nowak’s draft, on November 25, Richard Kahn told Epstein that he had sent the letter to Marsh the day before, that Marsh “approved [l]anguage,” and asked whether Darren should sign it.41

Harvard’s 2020 review found that Epstein played an “indirect but significant role” in a John Templeton Foundation grant to PED in 2015,7 and recommended that Harvard report to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences an incident in which Nowak had told a grant-making foundation that matching funds for a PED grant came from a foundation run by Epstein.2 No statement from him on this point is recorded on this page; he did not immediately respond to a request for comment when the report was published.7

Promotion of Epstein

Harvard’s review found that Epstein’s publicist asked PED to post links to Epstein’s charitable foundations on its Harvard website, and in 2014 asked that Nowak give Epstein a full page on it; Nowak approved both requests, and the page, carrying a photograph, a biography and links to Epstein’s own sites, reached through a tab labelled “Friends” on which Epstein was the only entry, was taken down after Harvard received complaints from an advocacy group later that year.2 The Harvard Crimson’s own summary of the 2020 report described what was posted as “flattering and false descriptions of Epstein’s philanthropy and support of Harvard.”7 The message that Harvard’s review attributes to Epstein’s publicist, sent to Epstein on January 30, 2014, asks: “Jeffrey: can I ask Martin Nowak to do a page for the foundation? That edu URL would be very helpful.”42 No response from Nowak on the website is recorded on this page beyond his account to the reviewers.

Contact after 2018

Epstein’s schedule for October 15, 2018 lists an appointment with Nowak at 11:30 a.m. and a 5:30 p.m. slot for Lawrence Summers to join Epstein at Nowak’s office that evening; Nowak wrote the next day, “thank you for the great visit!!!”4344 On December 2, 2018, four days after the Miami Herald began publishing its “Perversion of Justice” series, Groff confirmed a 3 p.m. meeting for a visitor with Epstein “at Martin Nowak’s office (1 Brattle Square, Suite 6),” and Nowak answered “Perfect” when told Epstein had left for the airport.4546

A Skype extraction from Epstein’s account records Nowak writing “brief skype?” on March 30 and 31, 2019, a 32-minute call between them on the first of those days and a 22-minute call from Nowak on April 27.47 In May 2019 Nowak wrote to Yau, whom he had already put in contact with Epstein in February 2011, relaying that Epstein would be happy to visit China and proposing that the two of them travel there together on Epstein’s plane: “I talked to Jeffrey. He said he would be happy to visit China. Maybe go there together with you on his plane?”48 On June 7, 2019, a month before Epstein’s arrest, Nowak wrote to Epstein and the author David Berlinski: “I am connecting the two of you regarding another meeting in Paris.”6

Epstein’s 2019 trusts

The Jeffrey E. Epstein 2019 Trust, amended and restated on February 4, 2019, directs the trustees to distribute “to MARTIN NOWACK, if he survives me, Two Million Dollars.”49 The 1953 Trust, made as of August 8, 2019, two days before Epstein’s death, raises the figure: “to MARTIN NOWACK, if he survives me, Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000).”18 Both instruments record instructions to trustees; the released files do not establish that either distribution was ever actually made to Nowak.

Harvard’s review, sanctions and second investigation

President Lawrence S. Bacow commissioned a review of Harvard’s ties to Epstein in September 2019; the Office of the General Counsel and the firm Foley Hoag interviewed more than 40 people and searched more than 250,000 pages, and reported on May 1, 2020.2 The report concluded that “while inviting Epstein to campus did not violate any Harvard policies, aspects of his relationship to the PED, such as his access to the program’s offices, treatment on the PED’s website and interactions concerning one grant application, do implicate Harvard policies.”17 FAS Dean Claudine Gay placed Nowak on paid administrative leave the same day, writing that his actions “as described in the report warrant review to determine whether FAS policies and standards of professional conduct were violated.” Nowak did not immediately respond to a request for comment.7

On March 25, 2021 Gay announced that she would close the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics and that Nowak had violated several Harvard policies, including the FAS Professional Conduct Policy and policies on campus access: “In instances where his actions did not constitute policy violations per se, those actions still demonstrated a pattern of blameworthy negligence and unprofessional behavior in his responsibilities as director of PED and as a member of the FAS community.” He was barred for two years from serving as principal investigator on new grants and from taking new advisees, and continued to teach. He did not respond to a request for comment.3 The sanctions were lifted in March 2023; department chairs were told to “welcome Dr. Nowak back,” and Nowak declined to comment.4 Harvard Law School professor Lawrence Lessig said in 2023 that he thought Nowak had been “scapegoated” by a report that omitted the part played by Summers; a spokesperson for Summers said his involvement with PED was entirely during his presidency and before Epstein’s arrest, and that Harvard’s gift procedures were followed.4

On February 25, 2026 the FAS placed Nowak on paid administrative leave for a second time. Dean Hopi Hoekstra wrote to colleagues that the new investigation rests on “new information that has come to light as part of the review of documents released by the U.S. Department of Justice regarding Jeffrey Epstein.”17 The Harvard Crimson reported that a panel of the Faculty Conduct Committee had reviewed the new material and recommended a formal inquiry into whether Nowak had violated Harvard policies or “standards of professional conduct”; Nowak did not immediately respond to a request for comment.8 Harvard Magazine reported that the FAS had not disclosed the specific reasons for the leave and that Nowak is not accused of committing any crime.17 Harvard Magazine also reported, citing a report in Nature, that in 2009 Epstein had routed scholarship funds through one of Nowak’s doctoral students to two young mathematicians abroad, and that when Nowak shared the page proofs of a paper accepted by Nature before publication, Epstein gave advice for dealing with criticism of the paper.17 Nowak resigned his membership of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in March 2026, before its ethics committee completed a review of that membership; the Academy said it had taken note of the resignation. No statement from Nowak about the resignation is recorded on this page.5051

Statements

  • February 2003, to The Harvard Crimson, on the announced gift: “At Harvard, there is a tremendous opportunity.”19
  • 2020, to Harvard’s reviewers, on the room kept for Epstein: in his view “the office was only nominally Epstein’s and … it was simply a visitor’s office that was called ‘Jeffrey’s Office.’”2
  • The Harvard Crimson reported in May 2023 that Nowak “has said previously that he regretted fostering a relationship between Epstein and Harvard.”26

Those are the only responses from Nowak recorded on this page. He did not respond to requests for comment when The Crimson wrote about the Epstein gift in December 2018, when he was sanctioned in March 2021, or when the March 2015 meeting was reported in May 2023; he did not immediately respond to a request for comment when the review reported and he was placed on leave in May 2020, or when he was placed on leave again in February 2026; he declined to comment when the sanctions were lifted in 2023.52732684 No statement from him is recorded on this page answering the office and key arrangements, the introductions he made after 2008, the travel arranged by Epstein’s office, or the November 2015 Templeton letter.

Coverage

  • The Harvard Crimson: Feb 7, 2003; Dec 3, 2018; May 2, 2020; Mar 26, 2021; May 3 and May 22, 2023; Feb 25, 2026.
  • Harvard Magazine, Feb 27, 2026.
  • science.ORF.at and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mar 26, 2026.

Footnotes

  1. Wikipedia, “Martin Nowak.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Nowak ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  2. Michelle G. Kurilla, “Harvard Asked Its Lawyers to Review the University’s Ties to Jeffrey Epstein. Here’s What They Found.”, The Harvard Crimson, May 2, 2020, reporting and quoting the University’s report on Jeffrey Epstein’s connections to Harvard (Office of the General Counsel with Foley Hoag, May 1, 2020). https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/5/2/harvard-concludes-epstein-review/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  3. Meera S. Nair and Andy Z. Wang, “Gay Levies Sanctions Against Prof. Nowak for Contacts With Jeffrey Epstein,” The Harvard Crimson, Mar 26, 2021. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/3/26/gay-sanctions-nowak-epstein/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  4. Rahem D. Hamid and Elias J. Schisgall, “Harvard Lifted Sanctions on Epstein-Associated Professor Martin Nowak in March,” The Harvard Crimson, May 22, 2023. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/5/22/nowak-sanctions-lifted/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  5. Message from Nowak, May 23, 2001. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00582507 ↩ ↩2

  6. Nowak to Epstein and David Berlinski, Jun 7, 2019. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00497148 ↩ ↩2

  7. James S. Bikales, “FAS Places Prof. Nowak On Leave After Report Finds Epstein Used His Program to Rehabilitate Image,” The Harvard Crimson, May 2, 2020. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/5/2/epstein-review-nowak-leave/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  8. Hugo C. Chiasson and Elise A. Spenner, “Harvard Places Math Professor Martin Nowak on Paid Administrative Leave Over Epstein Ties,” The Harvard Crimson, Feb 25, 2026. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2026/2/25/nowak-leave-epstein/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  9. PED administrator to Lesley Groff, Apr 28, 2013, quoting Groff’s message of the same day. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02140230 ↩ ↩2

  10. Epstein office trip sheet, Jun 21, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02103518 pp.1–2. ↩ ↩2

  11. Epstein office reminder, Mar 25, 2017. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02209325 ↩ ↩2

  12. Epstein office reminder, Mar 27, 2017. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02208282 ↩ ↩2

  13. Nowak to Shing-Tung Yau, Feb 13, 2011, forwarded by Nowak to Epstein, Feb 14. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02033155 ↩ ↩2

  14. Zorro Ranch and Nowak, Aug 9, 2013, with the American Express itinerary of Aug 2 for travel on Aug 11 and 14. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02131384 pp.1–3. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  15. Epstein’s office to Nowak, Feb 23, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00374103 ↩ ↩2

  16. Nowak to Epstein and Lesley Groff, Nov 19, 2015, enclosing the proposed letter to the John Templeton Foundation dated Nov 18, 2015. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02068001 ↩ ↩2

  17. Jonathan Shaw, “Martin Nowak Placed on Leave a Second Time,” Harvard Magazine, Feb 27, 2026. https://www.harvardmagazine.com/university-news/martin-nowak-harvard-administrative-leave-epstein ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  18. The 1953 Trust, Aug 8, 2019, clause 34. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01266204 p.5. ↩ ↩2

  19. Stephen M. Marks and Lauren A. E. Schuker, “Magnate Donates $30M to Sciences,” The Harvard Crimson, Feb 7, 2003. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/2/7/magnate-donates-30m-to-sciences-an/ ↩ ↩2

  20. Epstein foundation blog post, Nov 2012. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02032823 ↩

  21. Article circulated for Epstein, “Financier, Jeffrey Epstein, Accelerates the Course of Evolution at Harvard.” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01961023 ↩

  22. Article circulated for Epstein on Joscha Bach’s MicroPsi project. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01949601 ↩

  23. Lesley Groff to Epstein staff, Apr 29, 2013. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02140734 ↩

  24. Epstein to Nowak and reply, Apr 3, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01927802 ↩

  25. Epstein to Noam Chomsky, Mar 31, 2012, forwarded to Lawrence Krauss. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01986527 p.2. ↩

  26. Elias J. Schisgall, “Jeffrey Epstein Met With Harvard Professor Martin Nowak and Noam Chomsky in 2015 in Harvard Office,” The Harvard Crimson, May 3, 2023, reporting on a Wall Street Journal investigation. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2023/5/3/epstein-nowak-chomsky-meeting-2015/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  27. Epstein and his assistant, Sept 12–13, 2016. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02043852 ↩

  28. Epstein’s assistant to the office of a prospective guest, Sept 13, 2016. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02043934 ↩

  29. Epstein’s office to Epstein and his reply, Sept 14, 2016, “Harvard meetings.” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02043837 ↩

  30. Lesley Groff to Nowak, Sept 16, 2016, 9:39 p.m. (the message’s export header reads Sept 17, 1:39 a.m. UTC; the local send time is given in the quoted copy at EFTA02043316). https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02043442 ↩

  31. Nowak and Epstein’s office, Sept 17, 2016. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02043316 ↩

  32. Orbitz itinerary forwarded to Nowak, Dec 9, 2011, Boston to St Thomas Dec 10. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00527319 ↩

  33. Epstein foundation article on the December 2011 U.S. Virgin Islands conference. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01872939 ↩

  34. Nowak to Epstein, Apr 19, 2011. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01866701 ↩

  35. Lesley Groff, Jan 4, 2013. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02706660 ↩

  36. Epstein office schedule for August 2013, circulated Jul 31, 2013. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01754675 pp.3–4. ↩

  37. Epstein to Nowak, Feb 11, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00982807 ↩

  38. Nowak to Lesley Groff, Feb 19, 2014, forwarded to Epstein. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01934825 ↩

  39. Epstein’s office to Nowak, Feb 23, 2014, forwarding the itinerary for Mar 7–9, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00374107 p.1. Other pages of this production are not cited. ↩

  40. Nowak to Epstein’s office, Feb 25, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02113364 p.1. Other pages of this production are not cited. ↩

  41. Richard Kahn to Epstein, Nov 25, 2015, “Matching Funds Letter.” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02719709 ↩

  42. Epstein’s publicist to Epstein, Jan 30, 2014. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01941439 ↩

  43. Lesley Groff, “Harvard Trip Monday Oct. 15th, 2018,” Oct 14, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02618429 ↩

  44. Nowak to Epstein, Oct 16, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02618459 ↩

  45. Lesley Groff to a visitor, Dec 2, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02265675 ↩

  46. Nowak to Epstein’s office, Dec 2, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02265979 ↩

  47. Skype extraction from Epstein’s account, Mar 30 – Apr 27, 2019. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01618877 pp.1–2. ↩

  48. Nowak to Lesley Groff, May 6, 2019, forwarding his message to Shing-Tung Yau. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00494167 ↩

  49. Amended and Restated Jeffrey E. Epstein 2019 Trust, Feb 4, 2019, clause 31. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01266168 p.6. ↩

  50. “Martin Nowak resigns from Austrian Academy of Sciences membership,” Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/news/martin-nowak-resigns-from-austrian-academy-of-sciences-membership ↩

  51. “Nach Epstein-Files: Mathematiker Nowak scheidet aus ÖAW aus,” science.ORF.at, Mar 26, 2026. https://science.orf.at/stories/3234807/ ↩

  52. Molly C. McCafferty and Aidan F. Ryan, “Billionaire and Convicted Sex Offender Jeffrey Epstein Boasts Deep, Longstanding Ties to Harvard,” The Harvard Crimson, Dec 3, 2018. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2018/12/3/epstein-harvard-ties/ ↩

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