Epstein Data Wiki

Lawrence H. Summers

Properties2
tagsperson, economics, harvard, united-states-treasury
aliasesLarry Summers, Lawrence Summers

36 min read

OfficesUnited States Treasury Secretary, 1999–2001; President, Harvard University, 2001–20061
Harvard’s 2020 reviewFound no Harvard record of a reported $30 million Epstein pledge; confirmed a separate $6.5 million gift that established the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics in 20032
IPI’s Mongolian Presidential Advisory Board, 2014Proposed two meetings a year, consulting work, and a $100,000 annual honorarium once IPI’s contract with the Mongolian government was signed3
Kazakhstan, March 2014Flew to Almaty; told Epstein afterwards “Had good time and think they liked it” and “Leave u to do commercial part”4
Southern Trust Company, November 2014His Harvard Kennedy School office invoiced Epstein’s company for a New York trip; Epstein answered “ok” and the wire went the next day5
Deutsche Bank’s September 2019 exhibitLists L H Summers Economic Consulting LLC as recipient of two November 2014 wires from Southern Trust Company, $1,196 and $37, for “Travel Expenses”6
Verse Video Education, 2016Epstein’s private foundation recorded a $110,000 grant to the nonprofit founded by Summers’s wife7
Statement, November 2025Deeply ashamed; took “full responsibility for my misguided decision to continue communicating with Mr. Epstein”; stepped back from public commitments8
American Economic Association, December 2, 2025Accepted his voluntary resignation; imposed a lifetime ban on his membership and on his participation in AEA activities9
Harvard, February 2026Remains on leave; will retire from his academic and faculty appointments at the end of the academic year10

Lawrence H. Summers is an economist who served as United States Treasury secretary and as president of Harvard University.1 The records described here concern decisions made and recorded by Harvard, the International Peace Institute (IPI), Deutsche Bank and, later, other institutions: meetings, an advisory appointment, an honorarium and travel expenses. In November 2025, responding to the release of later communications, Summers said he was deeply ashamed and took responsibility for his “misguided decision to continue communicating” with Epstein.8

The correspondence in these files runs from 2010 to June 2019. It is mostly direct: messages Summers sent to Epstein and messages Epstein sent to him, with his assistants, Epstein’s assistants, Epstein’s accountants and Epstein’s pilots arranging the meetings and the money around them. What follows is organised by what the documents record him doing.

Harvard’s gift record and review

The Harvard Crimson reported in February 2003 that Epstein had pledged $30 million to support Martin Nowak’s work at a meeting with Summers, then Harvard’s president, two weeks earlier.11 Harvard’s Office of the General Counsel and Foley Hoag reviewed the University’s Epstein records in 2020. Their report found that a $6.5 million Epstein gift established the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics in 2003, but said of the reported larger commitment: “We found no Harvard record of such a pledge.”2 The review is the University’s later institutional finding about its own records; its report does not discuss Summers’s wider correspondence with Epstein. The gifts and review are covered in context at Epstein and Harvard University.

IPI’s Mongolia work and travel paperwork

On January 23, 2014, a member of IPI’s staff sent Epstein a draft message for his comments before the institute sent it to Summers and other members of the Mongolian Presidential Advisory Board. The draft said that IPI had produced the board note, that the president of Mongolia had approved it that day, and that members’ working arrangements would be with IPI pending a formal contract with the Mongolian government. It proposed two meetings a year, consulting work and an annual $100,000 honorarium after the contract was signed.3 The document establishes what IPI proposed; it does not establish that the draft was sent unchanged or that the contemplated contract was signed.

A second copy of that exchange carries what happened next, and it is the part that matters. Epstein replied to IPI’s Camilla Reksten-Monsen the same day: “Do not send do not”. She answered: “Ok, will not send.”12 The draft she had been told to clear with him also contained a clause not reproduced above: “Special arrangements will be made for consultancy services beyond those reasonably expected of Advisory Board members in return for their fee, if required.”12 Taken together these establish that IPI routed a communication to a named board member through Epstein first, and that on his instruction it was withheld. They do not establish what, if anything, was sent instead.

The proposal followed a sequence of arrangements involving Summers and IPI president Terje Rød-Larsen. Epstein told both men on January 9 that a meeting with the Mongolian president was planned at Davos. After the time changed, Summers asked Epstein about its location and transport; Epstein replied that he would involve Rød-Larsen’s team directly. Lesley Groff’s Epstein-office schedule for January 24 then recorded Rød-Larsen meeting the president of Mongolia “per Larry Summers.”13 In May, IPI’s accountant Susan Waugh wrote to Epstein’s office that the institute had wired a February 28 payment to L H Summers Economic Consulting for Summers’s advisory-board honorarium, said “We need to obtain the W9 form,” and asked to be put in touch with his assistant; Epstein’s office replied that it had passed her information on to “Larry Summer’s office.” The message does not state the amount wired.14

How the institute came to have those payment details is also on the record. Three days before the February 28 wire, an assistant in Epstein’s office wrote to Rød-Larsen: “Hello Terje…Jeffrey requested I send you the below wiring instructions for the Mongolian meeting Larry Summers had in Davos.” The message set out bank and cheque-payable details for LHSummers Economic Consulting and asked him to “confirm receipt and that you can forward on to the proper person?”15 The sheet is the Epstein office directing payment for a meeting it describes as having taken place. It is not a record of the meeting itself, and the assistant’s own name is covered on it.

The Kazakhstan trip

On March 7, 2014, Groff wrote to Epstein: “Larry Summers office says you agreed to to go Kazakhstan on March 19th departing late in the day for a few days.” She added that Summers would be in New York that day with an evening engagement and could leave around 9pm, and that “They are asking me to confirm with you”.16 Three days later Epstein forwarded a message relaying that Rød-Larsen “needs an answer about Larry summers trip cause Kazakhs keep calling him and asking”; Summers replied that the email had gone from his office.17

The trip happened. Travel invoices for Summers’s flights to Kazakhstan originated with a travel agent and were forwarded to Epstein’s office by IPI staff. A March 2014 thread records that Epstein’s office had “originally received 3 invoices for same date, same name, same destination” and asked IPI to resend them; IPI’s Camilla Reksten-Monsen replied that there were three because “Mr. Summers had requested the flights be first class, which wasn’t available on all the flights at first, but then became available so we cancelled his original ticket and reissued the ticket to be all first class,” and supplied the corrected invoice. An Epstein-office email then asked Epstein to approve reimbursing IPI $14,158.88 from Enhanced Education, and he answered “yes.”18 This records approval of a reimbursement request, not proof that Enhanced Education made the payment.

On March 22, Summers wrote to Epstein under the subject line “Kazakhstan”:

Jeff,

I ll try to call Sunday.

Had good time and think they liked it.

Leave u to do commercial part. Not sure terry is used to financial world.

Guy actually seems very smart and shrewd. Think I can help him absorb various advice.

He then listed the “Subjects ( we discussed at dinner)” under three headings, “geopolitics”, “economics” and “finance”, the last glossed as “framework for sov wealth, taking risk, direct indirect etc,”.4

Later the same day he forwarded Epstein a thank-you note from Kairat Kelimbetov, then governor of Kazakhstan’s central bank, which opened: “It was indeed a great pleasure and privilege for me and the whole team to host you in Almaty.” Kelimbetov wrote that he had “high hopes for our partnership”. The forward also carries Summers’s own reply of that morning, in which he told Kelimbetov that he would “summarize some key parts of our conversation for mutual friends in Washington, carefully consider the advice you received from the Harvard team and along w Jeffrey Epstein consider your investment challenges.”19 Summers wrote that sentence to a foreign central-bank governor, and forwarded it to Epstein himself.

Four months later, on July 24, 2014, Summers wrote to Epstein: “Julie tells me Kazakhs paid!”20 The documents do not say what was paid, by whom or how much.

Kazakh approaches continued to arrive through his office and to be referred back to Epstein. In April 2015 Summers forwarded Epstein a request for a meeting with the head of the Samruk-Kazyna sovereign wealth fund with the line “Is this you? Do u know what’s going on?”; in September 2015 he forwarded a further Kazakh meeting request asking “What gives here?”, and Epstein replied “you set this up . ? not me”.21

The invoice, the approval and the wire

The two November 2014 payments that appear on Deutsche Bank’s later exhibit have a paper trail of their own, and it begins in Summers’s own office.

On November 4, 2014, Sarah Mapes, writing from the Harvard Kennedy School office of Lawrence H. Summers, asked Epstein’s office: “Larry has a couple of expenses from flying to NY last month for the dinner on the 8th. What is the best company name for me to put down on an invoice? Larry mentioned it was okay to send to Jeffrey.” Epstein’s office answered: “Jeffrey says to invoice STC! (Southern Trust Company)”. Invoice 238 from LHSummers Economic Consulting LLC followed the next day.22

On November 6, Richard Kahn of HBRK Associates sent Epstein the underlying receipts: “attached are 4 invoices for larry summers trip to ny on oct 8/9”, itemised as two car services, a hotel and airfare, “total 1,195.65”, with the question “please advise if ok to pay from stc”. Epstein replied, in full: “ok”. The sheet carries a manuscript mark in pink ink circling the total, initialled and dated 11/6/2014; the initials are not legible in the copy read here.5 That same day Darren Indyke signed a Deutsche Bank authorization to wire $1,195.65 from the Southern Trust Company account to L H Summers Economic Consulting LLC, giving “Travel Expenses” as the additional instruction.23 The Southern Trust account statement for that month records the outgoing transfer on 11-07, and a second outgoing transfer to the same beneficiary on 11-24 of $36.60.24

Between those two wires, Summers’s office queried the shortfall. On November 20, Mapes wrote: “We did receive the 1,195 but the invoice total was 1233.25. Not a huge difference but just have to make my accounts line up!” Epstein’s office asked whether her bank had taken an incoming wire fee, and answered “hmm…let me ask accounting..”. That reply was addressed to Summers.22 The invoice total and the first wire differ by $37.60; the second wire, four days later, was $36.60.24 No document read here explains the remaining dollar.

Deutsche Bank’s 2019 presentation

Deutsche Bank prepared a presentation for the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York dated September 12, 2019.25 The bank headed its Exhibit P “Notable Payments to High Profile Individuals.”26 The exhibit lists L H Summers Economic Consulting LLC as the recipient of two November 2014 wires from Southern Trust Company: $1,196 on November 7 and $37 on November 24. The bank recorded that the recipient “appears to be the consulting firm for Larry Summers, a former Harvard President and former Clinton/Obama Administration official,” and that the wire details indicated the payment was for “Travel Expenses.”6 The instruction behind the first of the two wires survives separately: on November 6, 2014, the day before, Darren Indyke signed a Deutsche Bank authorization to wire $1,195.65 from the Southern Trust Company account to L H Summers Economic Consulting LLC, giving “Travel Expenses” as the additional instruction.23 These are recorded as travel-expense payments; no document cited here connects them to the IPI arrangements. The bank’s two rounded figures are the account’s exact $1,195.65 and $36.60 as the bank summarised them four and a half years later.24

Palm Beach, February 2013

On February 12, 2013, an Epstein staff member wrote to the flight crew: “Hi Larry…I have learned that Larry and Lisa Summers will also be flying with Jeffrey to PB this Sat. Feb. 16th. I confirmed with Jeffrey wheels up will be 11am, but I need you to provide me the details so I can pass them along to Larry Summers’ office”. The answer gave Atlantic Aviation at Teterboro for departure and Galaxy Aviation at Palm Beach for arrival, an 11am departure and a 1:15pm arrival, and named the aircraft’s tail number.27

On February 15, Epstein’s house staff were given the lunch order for the following day: “It will be for Woody, Soon-Yi, Larry Summers, his wife Lisa and Jeffrey, so 5 people for lunch.” Places were to be added for others if Epstein wished. The instruction closed: “Janusz, after lunch, Jeffrey would then like you to drive Larry Summers and wife to Miami.”28 The staff members addressed are Janusz Banasiak and colleagues; two further names on the place-setting line are covered on the sheet and are not reproduced.

Summers wrote to Epstein on the evening of February 17, copying his wife: “Jeff yesterday was great fun. Lisa thrilled at woody. Thank you.” He added: “What time are you leaving. If after 530 or so wild love to join. Otherwise our commercial flight is I think easier.” The next day he asked, “Do u know plan?”29 His own message is what establishes that he was there on the 16th; the staff instruction establishes only what was ordered.

Bookings, dinners and Cambridge days

Epstein’s office booked Summers repeatedly, and the bookings were arranged around Summers’s convenience as often as Epstein’s. On April 30, 2011, Groff wrote to Summers to manage expectations for a Monday evening at Epstein’s house: “Jeffrey wanted me to let you know tha= on Monday night, Bill Gates will have already eaten dinner prior to his a=rival…therefore, Jeffrey will only be serving tea cakes, dessert, coffee= etc type items!” Summers replied: “Fine. =ls make sure w jeffrey this is going to happen because I am pretzelling sc=ed big time to be there. Lookimg fwd.”30 The sheet carries quoted-printable damage of that kind throughout; the quotations reproduce it. His reply records his intention to attend. Nothing read here records whether he did.

Epstein’s day schedules for his Cambridge trips, circulated by his office to his staff and pilots, repeatedly carry Summers as a fixed appointment among the scientists: an afternoon slot on December 11, 2016, between Noam Chomsky and others; “6:00pm DINNER w/Larry Summers at Martin’s Institute” on May 6, 2018; and “5:30pm SNACKS w/Larry Summers at Martin’s office” on October 15, 2018, on a day that began at Teterboro and ended with dinner with Joi Ito.31 These are schedules, not attendance records. The desk’s treatment of the series as a whole is at Epstein office monthly schedules.

Epstein also fetched and carried. On January 4, 2014 he wrote to Andrew Farkas, who was leaving St Thomas with a full aircraft: “larry summers asst. her husband and two kids are stranded on st thomas. would it be possible ?” Told one or two seats might be available, he answered: “just, kelly friendly and her one child. Larry and 1 would be very grateful”.32 The next evening, in a thread Epstein had opened about bitcoin and in which he had just written “flying to new york privately.”, Summers replied: “Thx much. It’s good having friends with air forces.”33 The thread does not say what the thanks was for, and no document read here records who flew.

The poetry project

Epstein gave money to the public-television and Harvard poetry initiative run by Summers’s wife, Elisa New, and Summers asked him to raise more of it from someone else. Whether that second request was ever put to anyone is not shown here.

On July 24, 2014, in the same short exchange in which he reported that the Kazakhs had paid, Summers wrote: “Speaking of. Can we find someone who wants to be humanistic and poetic, or needs to give money to public tv or Harvard ed, to channel in 2 million range to Lisa s project.” Epstein replied: “just send the letter directly to klauss thanks”.20

Three months later New wrote to Epstein directly: “Larry has told me that you and a friend would like to contribute to my project (hallelujah and thank you a million times, Jeffrey) and that I ought to write up a proposal asking for 500,000.” She set out how the money should be routed, “as a gift to Poetry in America, an initiative at EdLabs at Harvard University”, and added: “my understanding is that your friend would like this to be a Harvard gift.” Epstein forwarded her draft on with the comment: “I think the proposal for 500k is optimistic but can’t hurt. .”34 The document is New’s account of what her husband told her; no message from Summers making the approach to a third party is among the sheets read here.

The money that is documented came later and came from Epstein. In February 2016 he asked whether her new nonprofit was a registered charity and offered to give through his own foundation. On May 9, 2016, Richard Kahn wrote to him under the subject line “Fwd: Gratitude America - 110,000”: “Lisa New’s charity has just received IRS approval =hich is attached please advise if ok for them to cash” the check “from Gratitude America”. The amount in the body of that message is damaged on the sheet; the subject line carries it.35 Gratitude America’s Form 990-PF for 2016 lists Verse Video Education among nine grantees, at $110,000, against a year’s total of $580,000.7 The project’s own fundraising material of that period names Summers as one of the figures filmed for the series, discussing Oliver Wendell Holmes. An approach to the John Templeton Foundation for the same work is covered on that foundation’s page.

January 2015: an introduction to a crisis adviser

On January 7, 2015, an acquaintance wrote to Summers: “Perhaps you should suggest Jefferey talk to Joe Lockhart at the Glover Park Group. He has helped Clinton and General Petraeus.” Summers forwarded that message to Epstein the same night with two words: “Not terrible idea.”36

Eighteen days later, with the civil litigation then naming Epstein’s associates at its height, the two men worked it through. Epstein wrote on the morning of January 25: “id like to talk to lockhard if you think he is smart”. Summers answered: “Capable and experienced. Calm. Was Clinton press secretary.” Epstein asked: “can you make the intro . or should i ask kathy”. Summers replied: “I can and will. How goes it?” Epstein: “still an onslaught but so preposterous that it becomes mor= easily seen as farce”. Summers: “Dersh needs a lawyer who will tell him to shut up.” By early afternoon he wrote: “Am talking to Lockhart at 2.” And at 6:38 that evening, after an exchange about a separate introduction:

Was my sense

Can I be helpful to mutual advantage or is a train wreck coming that I=want to avoid.

37

The “kathy” of Epstein’s question is not identified on the sheets; Kathryn Ruemmler appears elsewhere in the same files. The “Dersh” is Alan Dershowitz, then publicly contesting allegations in the same litigation. The documents record Summers offering and then making an introduction to a communications adviser; they do not record what Lockhart or his firm did, or whether anything followed.

Introductions in the other direction

The traffic ran both ways, and Epstein’s introductions were to money and to governments.

In January 2015 he introduced Summers to Ariane de Rothschild; Summers reported back: “Had good chat with her. Again liked her. She is now CEO. Offered to help Thx for setting up.”37 In December 2014, after Epstein introduced him to Joi Ito of the MIT Media Lab, Summers wrote to Ito, copying Epstein: “It was great to meet u. I really enjoyed our convo and hope we can spend more time together. Bitcoin too. I’m writing now cuz two friends of mine are in mix for MacArthur. Neal Wolin and Brian Deese. Both are very impressive and would bring real strengths in somewhat different ways.” Ito replied asking whether he could tell the search committee Summers would be available for references. Summers answered: “Bitcoin at your convenience. Do use me as an advisor.”38

In November 2016, Epstein introduced him by email to Karim Wade, the son of a former president of Senegal, ahead of a Summers trip to Doha. Summers asked Epstein: “Who is the guy you have set me up with?” and, in the same message, “Spend zero effort on anything about me w trump.” Epstein described Wade, including that “he was put in jail to remove him from running against the current president”, and added: “ok, except I hope they can rely on you to give them guidance privately after the fact.?” Summers replied:

Always quiet advice to anybody who can use it. Try always discreet. If u become associated publicly w something the reputations converge. Looking fwd to meeting Karim.

39

In February 2013, Epstein sent Summers a run of press summaries under the subject line “prep for dinner, israel pres briefing”, carried on a template headed for the office of Terje Rød-Larsen.40 In December 2018, Summers asked Epstein to get him into an event: “If i want to go can u get me invited.” Epstein answered that he had “gotten 6 so far , and was told after 4 no more”. Summers: “Too bad Can we lock in next year now. Will only revert if Chinese dynamics require.”41

2017 to 2019

The communications released in November 2025, for which Summers apologised, are in this record. They are set out here because the page carries his answer to them.

On October 27, 2017, flying back from an investment conference in Saudi Arabia, he sent Epstein a run of impressions, including “Lots of slathering to saudis. I yipped about inclusion.” and closing:

I’m trying to figure why American elite think if u murder your baby by beating and abandonment it must be irrelevant to your admission to Harvard, but hit on a few women 10 years ago and can’t work at a network or think tank. DO NOT REPEAT THIS INSIGHT

42

Through 2018 and 2019 he wrote to Epstein about a woman he was pursuing, and Epstein coached him. On November 21, 2018, discussing a paper, Epstein wrote “Write a china very positive paper with her !” and Summers answered: “Yes. Genius / I value my reputation as a commentator and not appearing a victim of a china honeypot operation.”43

A week later the coaching was explicit. After an event on November 30, Epstein wrote: “im a pretty good wing man , no?” On December 1 Summers reported: “Game day at conference she was extremely good / Smart / Assertive and clear / Gorgeous. / I’m fucked.” Asked what he would write to her, he set out the choice: “Am I thanking her or being sorry re my being married. I think the form=r.” Epstein supplied the script, advising him to acknowledge “how difficult =t has been coupled with your inate insensitivty”. Later that night Summers wrote: “Think for now I’m going nowhere with her except economics ment=r.” and “Think right thing is to cut off contact. Suspect she will miss it. Pro=lem is I will too.”44

On December 22, 2018 he forwarded Epstein a message the economist Keyu Jin had sent him at half past midnight, in which she wrote: “I also wanted to say how grateful I am and have been for your support, and also your support of my father’s work.” Summers added his own observation on its timing: “Sent 45 minutes after she sent an outline. I had sent a comment in mtg w her father flattering her father and saying other China officials had flattered him as well.”45 No sheet read for this page identifies the woman discussed in the 2018 and 2019 threads, and nothing in them connects her to Keyu Jin. This page does not treat the two as one person, and the message quoted above is a note of thanks to a mentor and nothing else.

The longest run is the weekend of March 16 and 17, 2019. Summers wrote a narrative of a telephone call, ending: “I dint want to be in a gift giving competition while being the friend without benefits.” and “I think life as stand by in case she needs leverage against another guy sucks.”46 Casting about for a way to withdraw, he wrote: “Could say she has now used up 80 percent of what she was owed through my changes in plan. Or say xi changes meeting w trump. I think she is tired of this alas. Sustaining w secrecy hard.”46 The next morning he told Epstein: “Ok. Best to make reversible errors. I’ve written note for exit strategy 1. Not going to send for few days. Going to treat it all as a game till I maybe see her in Beijing and out of character ignore and look past her bad behavior.” Epstein talked him out of the note: “this is only the first quarter of the game. if you call a time out, its on the field and done with dignity, you cant retreat into the locker room and send a note to the opposing side.”47

The last exchange found here is by text message. On June 7, 2019, a month before Epstein’s arrest, Summers wrote from a forced move out of his house: “Good news. Time is passing and I am healing.” and, in the next message, “Various hassles w kids adding to drama. Yellow peril / Is kind of status quo. I offered to write an op ed w her on against restricting student visas. She responded enthusiastically.” He followed it with a view on the economy. Epstein replied the next morning about interest rates and asked, “can we speak about income inequality”.48

Later response and institutional decisions

After further emails were made public in November 2025, Summers issued the statement quoted above and stepped back from public commitments.8 He resigned from the board of OpenAI on November 19, saying: “In line with my announcement to step away from my public commitments, I have also decided to resign from the board of OpenAI.”49 Harvard’s own comment at the time was narrower: the University said it was “conducting a review of information concerning individuals at Harvard included in the newly released Jeffrey Epstein documents to evaluate what actions may be warranted.”50 On December 2, the American Economic Association accepted his voluntary resignation and imposed a lifetime ban on his membership and participation in its activities. The AEA’s statement condemned his conduct “as reflected in publicly reported communications, as fundamentally inconsistent with its standards of professional integrity and with the trust placed in mentors within the economics profession,” and said it would not comment further “on individual matters or the specific considerations underlying this determination.”9 In February 2026, Harvard announced that Summers would remain on leave and retire from his academic and faculty appointments at the end of the academic year.10

What these documents do not show

They do not show Summers at any of Epstein’s properties other than the Palm Beach house on February 16, 2013, and for that day it is his own message that places him there. They do not show him on any flight manifest; the two aviation records read here are an office booking and a thanks that names no aircraft. They do not show him being paid by Epstein for anything other than reimbursed travel: the two Southern Trust wires are matched line for line to hotel, airfare and car-service receipts for one New York trip. They do not show what the Kazakh payment he reported in July 2014 was, who made it or how much it was. They do not show whether the $500,000 proposal for his wife’s project was ever made or met, and the $110,000 that was paid was paid by Epstein’s foundation, not by a donor Epstein found. They do not record any message in which Summers refers to Epstein’s 2008 conviction, his registration as a sex offender, or the women who accused him. And they contain no document in which Epstein asks Summers for anything to do with the criminal case against him, or Summers offers it.

Martin Nowak; Terje Rød-Larsen; Lesley Groff; Richard Kahn; Darren Indyke; Joi Ito; Ariane de Rothschild; Bill Gates; Andrew Farkas; International Peace Institute; Enhanced Education; Deutsche Bank; Southern Trust Company; Gratitude America; HBRK Associates; Epstein and Harvard University; Epstein office monthly schedules.

Footnotes

  1. Collin Binkley, Associated Press, “Larry Summers will resign from teaching at Harvard during review of Epstein ties, university says,” February 25, 2026. https://apnews.com/article/e4075897230bb917f1c2f3286682e9b8 ↩ ↩2

  2. Diane E. Lopez, Ara B. Gershengorn and Martin F. Murphy, “Report Concerning Jeffrey E. Epstein’s Connections to Harvard University,” Harvard University Office of the General Counsel with Foley Hoag LLP, May 2020, pp.3, 5, 10. https://ogc.harvard.edu/files/ogc/files/report_concerning_jeffrey_e._epsteins_connections_to_harvard_university.pdf (archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20200507154151/https://ogc.harvard.edu/files/ogc/files/report_concerning_jeffrey_e._epsteins_connections_to_harvard_university.pdf) ↩ ↩2

  3. IPI staff member to Jeffrey Epstein, “Mongolian Presidential Advisory Board,” January 23, 2014, transmitting a draft message for Summers and the other board members; read from the page image. The sender’s address is redacted and is not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00651278 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  4. Lawrence H. Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Kazakhstan,” March 22, 2014. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sender’s address and a closing line giving a new address are covered on the sheet. The text layer of this sheet renders two words wrongly, “I 11” for “I ll” and “sow wealth” for “sov wealth”; the image governs and is quoted above. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00688723 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  5. Jeffrey Epstein to Richard Kahn, “Re: Invoice from Larry Summers to STC,” November 6, 2014, carrying Kahn’s itemised request of the same morning. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The pink manuscript mark described above is on the sheet. The sender of the message forwarded beneath is covered on this copy and printed on another, so the name is not taken from either. Contact fields are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00297967 p.3. ↩ ↩2

  6. The same presentation, Exhibit P, Summers row, read from the page image. Account numbers on the exhibit are redacted and are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01681865 p.38. ↩ ↩2

  7. Form 990-PF, 2016, Part XV, page 11, giving grants paid during the year of $580,000 and directing the reader to an additional data table; and that table, listing every grantee, purpose and amount. Read from the page images. One grantee address on the table takes the form of a person’s name and is not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01362366 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01362369 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  8. Associated Press, “Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers steps down from public commitments after Epstein emails,” November 18, 2025. https://apnews.com/article/f6692249871db293adbbb1ebddb78037 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  9. American Economic Association, “Statement from the American Economic Association,” December 2, 2025. https://www.aeaweb.org/news/aea-statement-dec-2-2025 ↩ ↩2

  10. Collin Binkley, Associated Press, “Larry Summers will resign from teaching at Harvard during review of Epstein ties, university says,” February 25, 2026. https://apnews.com/article/e4075897230bb917f1c2f3286682e9b8 ↩ ↩2

  11. Stephen M. Marks and Lauren A. E. Schuker, “Magnate Donates $30M to Sciences,” The Harvard Crimson, February 7, 2003. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/2/7/magnate-donates-30m-to-sciences-an/ ↩

  12. Camilla Reksten-Monsen and Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Mongolian Presidential Advisory Board,” January 23, 2014, a second and fuller copy of the exchange at the preceding footnote, carrying Epstein’s reply and hers beneath the draft in full. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Contact fields on the sheet are not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00684659 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  13. Jeffrey Epstein to Lawrence H. Summers and Terje Rød-Larsen, January 9, 2014; Summers and Epstein, January 21, 2014; and Lesley Groff’s Epstein-office schedule for January 24, 2014, all read from the page images. Email addresses and schedule particulars unrelated to the meeting are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01940278 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01940879 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01940955 p.1. ↩

  14. Email thread between International Peace Institute accountant Susan Waugh and the Epstein office, “Larry Summers’s W9,” May 6, 2014, read from the page image. The correspondence says IPI wired the payment on February 28, 2014; redacted contact fields are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02106305 p.1. ↩

  15. Epstein-office assistant to Terje Rød-Larsen, “Jeffrey Epstein/Larry Summers,” February 25, 2014. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sender’s name is covered on the sheet. The message sets out bank routing, account and mailing particulars for the consultancy; none is reproduced here, and the desk’s copies of this instruction do not agree on which of those fields is covered, so all of them are withheld. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02099793 p.1. ↩

  16. Lesley Groff to Jeffrey Epstein, “Larry Summers,” March 7, 2014. Read at the image at 300 dpi. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00716035 p.1. ↩

  17. Lawrence H. Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Fwd:”, March 10, 2014, forwarding a relayed message from the institute’s president. Read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00659642 p.1. ↩

  18. Email thread, “travel invoices/credit- Lawrence summers,” March 20–28, 2014, read from the page images. The thread includes redacted names and contact fields, and text requesting identity particulars for airline processing; none is reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00987011 pp.1–2. ↩

  19. Lawrence H. Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Fwd: Thanks,” March 22, 2014, forwarding a message from Kairat Kelimbetov of the same day and carrying Summers’s own reply of 05:53 beneath it. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Email addresses on the sheet are covered and are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00718078 p.1. ↩

  20. Lawrence H. Summers and Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Oops,” July 24, 2014, a single thread carrying all three quoted messages within twenty-seven minutes of each other, with Epstein’s reply that evening. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sheet spaces “Speaking of.” with two spaces and “klauss thanks” with three; both are reproduced as printed. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01916625 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  21. Lawrence H. Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Fwd: Samruk Kazyna SWF - Request for Meeting,” April 9, 2015; and the thread of September 23, 2015 in which Summers forwards a further meeting request and Epstein answers. Read from the page images; the names of the requesting officials appear on the sheets and are not reproduced beyond the fund itself. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00637913 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00844655 p.2. ↩

  22. Email thread, “Re: expenses — Invoice 238 from LHSummers Economic Consulting LLC,” November 4–20, 2014, between Sarah Mapes of the Harvard Kennedy School office of Lawrence H. Summers and the Epstein office, the last message of it addressed to Summers. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The Epstein-office correspondent’s name and every contact field are covered on these sheets and are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00358261 pp.1–2. ↩ ↩2

  23. Deutsche Bank Private Wealth Management, “Authorization for Asset Movement for Non-Retirement Accounts,” Southern Trust Company Inc. account, naming L H Summers Economic Consulting LLC as beneficiary and “Travel Expenses” as the additional instruction, signed by Darren Indyke, November 6, 2014, read from the page image. The account number on this instruction is not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00297967 p.1. ↩ ↩2

  24. Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, Southern Trust Company, Inc. account statement, November 1 to November 30, 2014, transaction detail. Read at the image at 400 dpi. The two outgoing transfers to the consultancy are dated 11-07 and 11-24 and the running balance on the sheet confirms both figures. No account or routing value is reproduced here or anywhere. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01285208 p.1. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  25. “Deutsche Bank Presentation to the Office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York,” September 12, 2019, contents page, read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01681865 p.1. ↩

  26. The same presentation, opening page of Exhibit P, read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01681865 p.37. ↩

  27. Email thread, “Re: Flight to PB,” February 12, 2013, between Epstein’s office and his flight crew. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The correspondents’ names and addresses are covered on this sheet and are printed on other copies, so no name is taken from it. The text layer renders the tail number as “iffs1909JE”; the image prints “N909JE”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02148001 p.1. ↩

  28. Email thread, “Re:”, February 15, 2013, instructing Epstein’s Palm Beach staff on the following day’s lunch and onward driving. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Two names on the place-setting line and the household correspondents’ addresses are covered on the sheet. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02147765 p.1. ↩

  29. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, copied to Professor Elisa New, February 18, 2013, carrying his message of 7:07 PM on February 17 beneath it. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Email addresses are covered on the sheet. The sheet prints “wild love to join”; it is reproduced as printed. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00697734 p.1. ↩

  30. Jeffrey Epstein to his assistant, “Re: Fw: Jeffrey Epstein,” April 30, 2011, carrying beneath it Summers’s reply of 14:50 that day and the assistant’s message to him of 09:38. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Personal addresses and a telephone number appear in the correspondence and none is reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02538338 p.1. ↩

  31. Epstein-office day schedules circulated to his staff and flight crew: “Schedule Sun. Dec. 22, 2016,” dated and headed for December 11, 2016; “Schedule Sunday May 6, 2018”; and “Harvard Trip Monday Oct. 15th, 2018.” Read from the page images. Telephone and confirmation particulars on the sheets are not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02667804 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02450439 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02618429 p.1. ↩

  32. Jeffrey Epstein to Andrew L. Farkas, “Re:”, January 4, 2014. Read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01941060 p.1. ↩

  33. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Bit coin,” January 5, 2014. Read from the page image. The lower part of this sheet is occupied by binary matter carried over from the extraction and is not text of the message. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01752774 p.1. ↩

  34. Jeffrey Epstein to Lisa New, “Re: writing up proposal,” October 27, 2014, carrying her message of that morning in full. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Her address is covered on the sheet. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01000134 p.1. ↩

  35. Richard Kahn to Jeffrey Epstein, “Fwd: Gratitude America - 110,000,” May 9, 2016, with an attached exemption letter. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The figure in the body of the message is damaged on the sheet and reads “=10,000”; the subject line carries it in full. Contact fields are covered. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02703149 p.1. ↩

  36. Lawrence H. Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Fwd: idea for jefferey e.,” January 8, 2015, forwarding a message sent to him the previous evening. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sender of the forwarded message is named on the sheet; her address and Summers’s office address are covered. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029898 p.1. This is a congressional page image; the series is served as single sheets and is not paginated. ↩

  37. Larry Summers and Jeffrey Epstein, thread of January 22 to 25, 2015, six sheets, of which the first three carry every message quoted above. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sheets carry quoted-printable damage, including “I=want” and “mor=”, which is reproduced as printed. Addresses are partly covered and partly in the clear and none is reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01747550 pp.1–3. ↩ ↩2

  38. Larry Summers to Joi Ito, copied to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re:”, December 13, 2014, carrying Ito’s message of December 10 and Summers’s of December 11 beneath it. Read from the page images. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01746562 pp.1–2. ↩

  39. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Re:”, November 29, 2016, carrying Epstein’s message of that morning and Summers’s of 2:34 AM beneath it, over a forwarded introduction of the previous night. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Addresses are covered. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026028 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  40. Jeffrey Epstein to Larry Summers, “prep for dinner, israel pres briefing /”, February 11, 2013, a run of press summaries on a template headed for the office of Terje Rød-Larsen. Read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_027102 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  41. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re:”, January 4, 2019, carrying the exchange of December 26, 2018 beneath it. Read from the page image. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_026329 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  42. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, October 27, 2017, 3:10 PM, carrying his own message of 10:59 AM beneath it. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sheet prints “the IQ In world” and “of population…”; both are reproduced as printed. Office addresses are covered. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025124 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  43. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Random,” November 21, 2018, carrying the four preceding messages of that hour beneath it. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Addresses are covered. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01016010 p.1. ↩

  44. Jeffrey Epstein to Lawrence H. Summers, “Re:”, December 1, 2018, four sheets carrying the thread back to November 29. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The sheets carry quoted-printable damage, including “ment=r”, “Pro=lem”, “form=r”, “=t has been” and “=A0”, which is reproduced as printed. The text layer of the fourth sheet renders “larry” as “tarry”; the image governs. The woman discussed is not named anywhere on these sheets and nothing here identifies her. One sentence of Summers’s on the third sheet, which makes an assertion about her rather than about his own conduct, is not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02612848 pp.1–4. ↩

  45. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re:”, December 22, 2018, carrying his message of 7:03 AM and, beneath it, the forwarded message of 12:49 AM. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The forwarded sender is named on the sheet; her address is covered. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033426 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  46. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Disaster but maybe i,” March 16, 2019, 9:38 PM, and the sheet of the same run carrying his message of 3:08 PM in full. Read at the image at 300 dpi. The text layer renders the subject line’s final character as a pipe and “she ll” as “she 11”; the image governs. Addresses are covered. The woman is not named on either sheet. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029611 p.1; https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_029613 p.1. Congressional page images, served as single sheets. ↩ ↩2

  47. Larry Summers to Jeffrey Epstein, “Re: Call from New Yorker.,” March 17, 2019, 1:45 PM, carrying the messages of 8:48, 8:54, 9:01 and 9:11 that morning beneath it. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Addresses are covered. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_033435 p.1. Congressional page image, served as a single sheet. ↩

  48. Forensic extraction of an iMessage thread between Jeffrey Epstein and Larry Summers, June 7 and 8, 2019. Read at the image at 300 dpi. Neither participant’s number is reproduced here. The message quoted breaks its line after “Yellow peril”; the break is marked above with a slash. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01618718 p.1. ↩

  49. NBC News, “Larry Summers resigns from OpenAI board after release of Epstein emails,” November 19, 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/larry-summers-resigns-openai-board-jeffrey-epstein-emails-rcna244766 ↩

  50. PBS NewsHour, “Harvard reopens probe of Larry Summers after release of Epstein emails,” November 19, 2025, quoting the University’s statement in full. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/harvard-reopens-probe-of-larry-summers-after-release-of-epstein-emails ↩

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