Epstein Data Wiki

Marc Rowan

Properties2
tagsperson, finance, apollo-global-management, correspondence, tax
aliasesMarc J. Rowan, Marc Rowen, Mark Rowan, Mark Rowen

53 min read

Name as it appears in the record”Marc Rowan” in his own e-mail signature block and in his assistant’s; “MARC J. ROWAN” in Apollo’s principals’ agreements; “Marc Rowen” and “Mark Rowen” throughout Epstein’s office records, which misspelled the surname for years123
OccupationFinancier. Co-founder of Apollo Management, L.P.; one of the three men Apollo’s filings define as its “Managing Partners”, with Leon Black and Joshua Harris45
Earliest document cited hereFebruary 19, 2013. Epstein e-mails Ian Osborne; the whole body reads “mark rowan , personal not apollo”6
First contact recorded in the filesLate July and early August 2013, by telephone, brokered through Black’s office and through a tax lawyer at Akin Gump78
Direct correspondence with EpsteinAugust 15, 2013 to August 26, 2016. It clusters in two periods: the autumn of 2013 and the first eight months of 201619
Meetings booked at Epstein’s houseSeptember 8, 2013; October 22, 2013, with Black and Harris; January 6, 2016; January 14, 2016, with Ariane de Rothschild and Cynthia Tobiano. A booking is not an attendance, and this page says which is which10111213
What Apollo’s own investigation saysDechert LLP to Apollo’s conflicts committee, January 22, 2021: “In the end, neither co-founder hired Epstein or consulted with him on their personal matters.” The report never names Rowan1415
Congressional recordAddressee of a letter from the chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance, June 22, 2022, seeking information about Black’s payments to Epstein16
Charged with anythingNo. No document cited on this page charges him, accuses him, or alleges any offence by him

Marc Rowan is an American financier. He co-founded Apollo Management, L.P. in 1990 with Leon Black and Joshua Harris, having come from the mergers and acquisitions group of Drexel Burnham Lambert, and Apollo’s filings group the three of them as its “Managing Partners”.45 He succeeded Black as Apollo’s chief executive officer, a sequence set out on Black’s page, and was holding that office when the Senate Committee on Finance wrote to him in June 2022.16 The released files carry a three-year working relationship between Rowan and Jeffrey Epstein that runs from the summer of 2013 to August 2016: telephone calls, four appointments booked at Epstein’s New York house, and a run of e-mail in which Rowan sent Epstein Apollo’s internal tax accounting, discussed his own estate-planning transfers, asked Epstein to look at a Rothschild negotiation, introduced him to a Sidley Austin partner, and was asked by Epstein what fee he and his two partners thought fair.

Nothing on this page is a finding of wrongdoing. Rowan is not charged in any document cited here, and no document cited here makes an allegation against him. Most of what follows is either his own writing, his assistant’s, or the working papers of the lawyers and accountants around Apollo.

Two things this page does not do. It reproduces no e-mail address, telephone number, home address or account number from these documents, and it names nobody the production withholds. And it does not repeat the material about Black’s own retention of Epstein, the $158 million, the 2017 loans or the Virgin Islands settlement, all of which is set out on Leon Black. The reader who wants the money should start there. What is new here is the paper trail to Apollo’s other co-founder.

The approach, 2013

The earliest document cited on this page is not about a meeting. On February 19, 2013 Epstein e-mailed Ian Osborne with an empty subject line; the entire body reads “mark rowan , personal not apollo”. Osborne replied “Great, thank you.” Nothing on the sheet says what had been asked, and the thread’s next message is about unrelated matters.6

Contact itself begins five months later, and it begins with Rowan telephoning. On July 29, 2013 Lesley Groff wrote to Epstein under the subject “Mark Rowen”: “Mark Rowen called for you…he said he is on vacation today and will try you again tomorrow…I asked him to leave a number but he said again he will just try you again tomorrow”.7 Epstein forwarded it to Black’s assistant Melanie Spinella with the single word “FYI”.17 Three days later Epstein wrote to Spinella again: “fenn told me that rowan asked him to tell me that he returned my call. - no return number , no message at office or cell. I am easy to get hold of , what would you like me to do.”8 “Fenn” is Patrick B. Fenn of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, who appears throughout this file as the tax lawyer between Epstein and the Apollo principals.1819

On August 15, 2013 Spinella sent Epstein a message headed “MARC ROWAN”: “He is moving his son into Penn the 22 and 23; is happy t= meet the 21st between 10 and 12, or get on the phone with you”. The = is transmission damage carried in the sheet’s machine-readable text.20 Later the same evening Rowan wrote to Spinella himself, and she forwarded it to Epstein within minutes:

Phone is fine almost any time. If Jeff wants to meet in person, I am in NYC Aug 21(10-12), Sept 3 (1030-2), Sept 10 (9-4), Sept 11 (2-5). Unfortunately out the last week in August and then we run into fundraising travel and the holidays. Tks, MR1

Epstein chose September 3, writing back: “lets set for sept 3 at 1230”21 Four days later Groff, who was arranging the meeting, did not know who she was arranging it with. She wrote to Spinella: “Do you know who Mark Rowen is? Jeffrey says he has a meeting with him on Sept. 3rd at 12:30…I think he is someone from your office…do you have a phone number and email address for him?” Spinella answered: “Marc Rowan is one of Leon’s partners - his assistant is Elizabeth Irene”.22 The misspelling Groff took from Epstein stuck to the office records for the next three years.23

September 2013: a calendar entry that was superseded

On August 19, 2013 Rowan’s executive assistant, Elizabeth Irene, sent Epstein an Outlook invitation. The event is titled “Mtg: Marc Rowan & Jeff Epstein”, its status is “CONFIRMED”, the organiser is Irene, and the location is given as “Marc’s office, Apollo - 9 W 57 St (5/6th Avs) 43 F”, which is Apollo’s own building and floor.242516 That entry also survives in the calendar recovered from Epstein’s device, timed 12:30 on September 3, 2013 with the same location.25

That appointment did not stand, and anything resting on the calendar entry alone rests on a record the office superseded a week later. On August 26 Epstein wrote to Groff and Spinella: “mark rowen meeting now on sept 8 sunday.”26 The next morning Groff told Irene that “Jeffrey tells me his meeting with Marc is now on Sunday Sept 8 (instead of wed Sept 4)”, and asked where it would be; Irene replied, reporting what Rowan had told her: “Hi Lesley, yes I understand from MR it is now on Sun Sept 8 - he said JE was going to come back with a time. 8 or 9am works well for Marc and fine to meet at JE’s home. Pls confirm - thanks!”27 An automated reminder still fired two days later asking whether the office needed “to change the Mark Rowen meeting from Tues. Sept 3rd at 12:30 to the 8th?”, and a calendar alert for the old slot went out on September 3 itself reading “12:30 Meeting w/Marc Rowen at the house (hopefully) or will it be at Leon Black’s office”.328 The office was not sure of the venue even for the entry it had already moved.

The replacement booking is precise. On September 6 Groff wrote to Irene: “Hello Elizabeth…just reconfirming Marc will come see Jeffrey on Sunday Sept. 8th at 8am”, and gave the address of Epstein’s house on the next line.29 Epstein’s own weekly schedule for that day, in the House Oversight production, reads “8:00am Appt w/Marc Rowen” above an 11:30am departure from Teterboro for Palm Beach.10

A schedule entry records what was planned, not what happened, and no document cited here says the September 8 meeting took place. What the record adds is what came next: on September 10 Groff wrote to Irene, “Jeffrey would like to set up a follow up meeting with Marc the week of the 23rd…might Marc have some availability? Jeffrey is pretty free any day that week accept Friday 27th.”30 A request for a follow-up is not proof that the first meeting happened, but it is the office acting as though it had.

October 22, 2013: all three managing partners

Irene offered a string of October dates and the office settled on the 22nd.31 Epstein’s first plan was two meetings stacked. On October 1 Groff put it to him: “Would you like Marc Rowen to still come see you at 8am on Tues. Oct 22” for a one-to-one, adding that “Leon Black and Josh Harris would join at 8:30”. Epstein answered in four words: “no, all three together”.3233

The group meeting then moved earlier because of Harris. On October 8 Groff wrote that “Josh Harris has a conflict with the meeting we have set up on Oct. 22 at 8:30…Leon is asking if you could do earlier…7 or 7:30am…Josh will do it then and Melanie is checking with Marc…”; Epstein replied “Can tell them 15th”.34 It stayed on the 22nd at seven. On the morning of October 21 it was reconfirmed from Epstein’s side, not Apollo’s: Lesley Groff, signing as “Assistant to Jeffrey Epstein”, wrote to the three managing partners’ assistants together. “Good morning! Just reconfirming Leon, Josh and Marc will all go see Jeffrey at his home, 9 East 71st Street between 5th and Madison tomorrow, Tues. Oct. 22nd at 7am for a breakfast meeting.”11 All three offices answered her within four minutes. Elizabeth Irene, for Rowan: “Hi Lesley, confirmed for MR. Thanks.” Melanie Spinella, for Black: “Yup - maybe 7:15”. Lisa Joyce, executive assistant to Joshua Harris: “Hi Lesley, Confirmed for Josh.”35 Epstein’s schedule for the day carries the entry “7:00am Breakfast w/Marc Rowen, Leon Black and Josh Harris”.36

That is the whole of it. No document cited here records who attended, what was discussed, or whether the breakfast happened. Three assistants confirming on their principals’ behalf is the closest the record cited here comes to it, and it is a confirmation of a plan the morning before, not a record of the morning itself.

What the working papers were about

The 2013 contact did not come out of nowhere. Professional advisers were already modelling Rowan’s personal finances alongside Black’s, and the results were reaching Epstein.

The released files carry an Ernst & Young presentation headed “Recognition of Tufts Gain in Exchanges”, which sets out the consequences for Apollo’s founders of the $800 million of gain deferred from a 2007 distribution as they exchange their interests in the Apollo Operating Group. Its tables are laid out in three personal columns, “LB”, “MR” and “JH”, and its scenario summaries are headed by name: “Leon Black”, “Marc Rowan”, “Josh Harris”.3738 A companion sheet, “Deferral of Tufts Gain Through Guarantees”, runs the same three men through a no-deferral, five-year and twenty-year comparison.39

The lawyer doing the arithmetic was Fenn. On July 16, 2013, a fortnight before Rowan returned Epstein’s call, Fenn e-mailed Epstein a comparison of “the after-tax financial outcomes for Leon of the AMH preferred equity proposal versus the status quo versus the guarantee proposal previously discussed”, and told him: “The analysis was prepared by Brian at the request of Marc Rowan.” Fenn added a caution that separates the three men’s interests: “I should note that, while the preferred equity investment may be a better option for Leon based on the attached analysis even at the low rates of return, it is not for Marc and Josh. This is based on the assumption that Marc and Josh will have a life expectancy at least 10 years longer than Leon.”18 On August 27 Fenn sent Epstein fresh numbers and explained their provenance: “We started with the same model that we had produced earlier this summer for Marc Rowan, making changes to incorporate the variables noted in your email in ways that seemed to make sense based on your email.”40

So by the time Epstein and Rowan spoke, Epstein was reading a model built for Rowan, revised for Epstein, on a question where Rowan’s interest and Black’s diverged. Nothing cited here shows that Rowan knew Epstein had it.

Donor advised funds, January 2014

On January 9, 2014 Spinella wrote to Epstein, copying Groff:

Leon has asked Barry Cohen and Marc Rowan to call you re: Donor Advised Funds — Barry wanted me to give you a heads up41

Barry J. Cohen worked in Black’s family office. Nothing cited here records whether either call was made.

A cheque, April 2014

The released files carry a cheque and its remittance stub. The stub is headed “MARC and CAROLYN ROWAN”, is dated 04/09/2014, is made out “To: Leon Black”, carries a single invoice line whose reference field reads “2013HERITAGE”, and gives the amount and the paid amount alike as $838,675.00. The cheque itself is drawn on US Trust/Bank of America, is dated “Apr 9, 2014”, and reads “Pay Eight Hundred Thirty Eight Thousand Sc< Hundred Seventy Five Dollars and 00 Cents” to the order of “Leon Black”; the mangled numeral is the extraction’s rendering of the printed words.42

Filed with it, as the second sheet of the same run, is an Apollo statement headed “TRA Holder” and naming Rowan, which sets out his tax receivable agreement entitlements by exchange: a July 2007 exchange, a May 2013 exchange and a November 2013 exchange, with a footnote recording that “the original allocation of TRA benefits resulting from the 2007 step up was revised and updated to reflect the proper methodology”.43

Black’s own side of the transfer is in his family office’s papers. A fiscal 2014 bank-activity working paper for “LDB” lists, among its deposit detail, an inflow classified “TRANSFER” and described “HERITAGE MARC ROWAN” in the sum of 838.675, the sheet’s own thousands notation.44

What the payment was for is not established by anything cited here. The page states the three documents and stops: a cheque from Rowan and his wife to Black, a personal Apollo tax statement filed beside it, and a matching inflow in Black’s books. The invoice reference is a word and a year, and no document cited here explains it. What the arrangement of the papers does show is that Rowan’s personal tax position and a personal payment from him to Black were inside the same file as the Epstein correspondence.

October 2015: Rowan’s share sales, reported to Epstein

On October 15, 2015 Richard Kahn, Epstein’s accountant, e-mailed him under the subject “APO stock sales by Marc Rowan”: “I am sure you are aware and it must be part of a planned sale but i see that he has sold 1,588,139 shares of stock from Sep 22 - Oct 14 totaling 28,826,354 in proceeds”. Pasted below it is a table of insider transactions taken from a public filings monitor, fifteen sales between September 22 and October 14, 2015, each row naming Rowan as a senior managing director.45 The data is public. What the document records is that Epstein’s accountant was watching Rowan’s filings for him and writing to tell him.

The Rothschild business, 2015 to 2016

The longest thread between the two men is a negotiation with the Geneva private bank Edmond de Rothschild, in which Epstein was on the Rothschild side of the introduction and Rowan on Apollo’s.

It starts with Rowan delegating. On April 2, 2015 Sanjay Patel wrote to Epstein: “I run Apollo’s business in Europe. Marc Rowan asked me to catch up with you regarding the Rothschild conversations you and Leon were having in order to help move things forward.”46

Eight months later Rowan asked to see Epstein himself. On December 16, 2015 Spinella wrote to Groff:

Hi Lesley — Leon’s partner, Marc Rowan, wants to meet with Jeffrey — - He said January 5, 6, or 7th is good for him — he will move things around and come to Jeffrey. Marc said if Jeffrey wants early breakfast that works for him — he will bring coffee!!! Thanks47

Epstein replied with a single character, “6”. Groff proposed half past eight; Spinella came back “Any earlier — Marc likes early!!”; and it was fixed at eight.48 Groff then circulated it: “Marc Rowan will come see you for 8am Breakfast on Wed. Jan. 6th.”49 On January 5 Irene confirmed on Rowan’s behalf that he was “looking forward to seeing Jeffrey” with “No special requests”.50 Epstein’s schedule for Wednesday January 6, 2016 reads “8:00am BREAKFAST w/Marc Rowan”.12

The following week the traffic is heavy and it is Epstein chasing. On January 11 Groff asked Irene whether Rowan could telephone that day; Irene answered that “Marc has been in back to back mtgs but will call Jeffrey as soon as he surfaces”, and that evening: “MR will reach out to Jeffrey tonight if he hasn’t already. Separately, mind checking the below to make sure I have all of his coordinates correct, and can you advise a primary number?”5152 Groff annotated the list Rowan’s office held: “Cell 2 is actually his island phone / Cell 3 is his island office (STC-Southern Trust Company) / the other numbers you have correct and correctly labeled!”53 Southern Trust Company, Inc. is the Virgin Islands company through which Black’s payments to Epstein ran, as set out on Black’s page. The numbers themselves are withheld here.

The meeting that followed was the substantive one. On January 12 Irene wrote: “Hi Lesley, I understand from Marc that a meeting is scheduled for Thurs Jan 14 at 3pm with Jeffrey and Rothschild. Can you pls advise attendees for building security registration?”; when told it was at Epstein’s house instead she confirmed it “from Marc’s end” and added that “Marc’s colleague Imran Siddiqui will join as well.”5455 On the morning of the 14th Groff reconfirmed:

Good morning Elizabeth! Reconfirming Marc and his partner, Imran, will come see Jeffrey today at 3:45pm.

9 East 71st Street between 5th and Madison

Ariane de Rothschild and Cynthia Tobiano will be here as well.

(and fyi…we heard back re the plane…thanks!)13

Irene replied: “Hello Lesley! Confirmed - Marc and Imran are looking forward to the meeting. Thanks for all your help setting up the meeting (and for the update regarding the plane).”56 Epstein’s diary for Thursday January 14, 2016 sets the sequence out: “3:00pm Ariane and Cynthia Tobiano”, “3:30pm Kathy Ruemmler to join the meeting w/Ariane & Cynthia”, “3:45pm Appt w/Marc Rowen, Imran Siddiqui (Marc’s colleague) Ariane and Cynthia Tobiano”.5758 Apollo’s own internal chain three months later describes Cynthia Tobiano as “CFO of Edmond de Rothschild”.59 Kathryn Ruemmler was then in private practice and did not join Epstein’s legal team until later; her page sets out her own account of her dealings with him.

Two limits on that diary page. It is a plan, and no document cited here records the meeting happening. And the three entries run from three o’clock to a quarter to four with no closing time given for the last of them, so the page does not assert that Rowan and Ruemmler were in the room at the same time. Her own answer on the point, two years later, is in the section below.

The 2016 correspondence

Between February 1 and August 26, 2016 Rowan and Epstein wrote to each other directly, without assistants, on Apollo’s own accounts and tax structure, on Rowan’s personal transfers, on the Rothschild negotiation, and on a fee. The correspondence opens with Rowan: “Are you around for a quick call today?”60

A fee, February 2016

On February 5 Epstein wrote: “leon said fee arrangement up to you and josh, . what do you think fair?”61 Four days later Fenn e-mailed Epstein: “Marc asked me to contact you about a discussion you had with him recently. Let me know when it is convenient for you to speak.”19 Epstein answered Fenn “no” and Fenn came back “Sorry. Been on and still on a call. Next opening?”62 On February 12 Epstein wrote to Rowan directly:

spoke to fenn, I am waiting on you to decide whether you want me to move forward, and if ,and only if successful, what you three propose as a fee. fyi summers gave a lecture at wharton public policy school, is that your deal?63

Rowan’s reply that evening was four words: “WPPi…care of MR”.64 Two separately produced copies of that message render the initialism “WPPi” and “WPPI”.6465 Nothing cited here identifies the matter Epstein was waiting to be allowed to “move forward” on, what he meant by “you three”, what fee if any was ever proposed, or whether anything was paid. No engagement letter, retainer, invoice or record of payment between Epstein and either Rowan or Apollo appears anywhere in the release.

Valuations and Rowan’s own transfers

On February 18 Rowan wrote, under the subject “Empire”: “Lets chat over the next few days. Tks, MR”; Epstein answered “Now ?”6667 Empire Valuation Consultants is the firm that had valued the Apollo interests in the 2007 restructuring.68 The next day Epstein sent Rowan two valuation reports on Black Family Partners, three months apart, remarking of the second “done three months later. Im not sure about their inputs, put value ? 100 percent allocations . in summary-Im not sure about anything on the page”, and Rowan forwarded him a 2014 Apollo charitable-gift valuation memorandum bearing his own name, with the covering word “fyi”.697071 Epstein’s verdict on it: “goofy - it was a fairly small block of stock of a publicly traded co.”72

On February 21 Epstein pressed him on the methodology and Rowan volunteered that he had been through the same exercise himself:

I found the same long valuation report when I transferred units to the various estate planning vehicles. Tks, MR73

Epstein came back: “did you see the goofy description, ie puts, for example not realizing that there is a traded market in them, they also added 144 restrictions. were sec filings made on your transfers? did not take into account termination clause. or current year knowledge of projections”73 Rowan answered: “Not sure but will check”73

Apollo’s balance sheet

On February 22 Epstein asked: “marc , the tra libility amount is on apollos balance sheet. can you find how they calculate?” The misspelling is his. Rowan answered within hours: “Yes. Asset and Liabs only reflect that which has been created to date. In the process of getting details on calculations. Tks MR”7475

He then went and got them. Over March 3 and 4 Rowan put the question to Apollo’s own finance staff and forwarded every answer to Epstein. To Chris Weidler he wrote: “This tells me what I already know. What rate do we discount future cash flows/TRA pmts at for purposes of establishing the balance sheet asset?”76 Weidler’s replies, which Rowan forwarded to Epstein with the covering word “Fyi”, set out how Apollo computed the deferred tax asset and the tax receivable agreement: that they are carried undiscounted; that the agreement “is valued as 85% of DTA that is created as a result of an AOG exchange”; that the tax rate used was “the combined federal and state rates. Currently 38.83% for AGM”; that the asset is amortised over fifteen years; and that management fee cash flows were discounted at about 8 to 14 per cent and carried interest at 20 per cent, with the share of the business allocated to taxable entities put at about 75 per cent as at December 31, 2015.7778 Epstein wrote back: “Ask to see the worksheet with numbers”.79 On March 4 Rowan wrote “I am getting the calculation detail”, and that evening forwarded a spreadsheet from Apollo’s Suzanne Wong, copied to Apollo’s chief financial officer, attached as “August 2015 AOG B Exchange - Detailed Calculation.xlsx”.8081

Ten days later Epstein was still chasing and the exchange is four lines long. Epstein: “did we ever get the worksheet calcuation for the tra number on the balance sheet.?” Rowan: “They are undiscounted”. Epstein: “thanks, have you made any progress on the inversion. ?” Rowan: “minimal”828384

The “inversion” recurs. On February 25 Epstein had written: “i can join the call if you think appropriate. using rothschild for the inversion allows interesting structures”. Rowan’s answer names a grievance and a colleague: “Agreed. Cynthia has been slow to call my partner, Gernot Lohr, back. Tks MR”8586 Within four minutes Epstein forwarded Rowan’s words verbatim to Ariane de Rothschild, the other side of the negotiation, pasting the message and its timestamp straight into his own.87 Nothing cited here shows that Rowan knew.

Where the two ends of that negotiation met is on the record too. On April 12, 2016 Rowan forwarded Epstein, with the covering word “Fyi”, an internal chain from Gernot Lohr of Apollo Management International summarising Lohr’s meeting with Cynthia Tobiano and listing the product areas Apollo hoped to sell into Edmond de Rothschild’s private bank and asset management arms. The first of them is a financial credit fund in “life insurance linked securities, such as life Co subdebt (20%)”, with life settlements the other four-fifths of it; the word “settlements” is a character short in the sheet’s machine-readable text and is given here from the sentence around it.59

Errands and introductions

Three smaller items sit in the same months.

  • An aircraft. On January 12, 2016 Epstein instructed his office, “from mark rowen get the details of his plane for sale. photos hours. etc.”88 Irene put Groff in touch with the broker, whose principal replied that “The airplane has just under 2,700 hours” and was “based in Teterboro”, and whose analyst sent the specification for a Gulfstream G450 at a price of “$18,950,000 USD”. Rowan was copied on the exchange.8990 Nothing cited here shows a purchase, and the following year Epstein’s view of the alternative was blunt.
  • Nicholas Ribis. On March 17, 2016 Groff wrote to Epstein: “Please call Marc Rowan again. He says he has a 2 minute question for you”; the next morning Epstein sent Rowan the casino executive Nicholas Ribis’s mobile number, Rowan replied “Left a VM at his office late yesterday. Will get him this morning”, and Epstein forwarded Rowan’s message on to Ribis.239192 On March 22 Rowan wrote “Seeing him Thursday. Tks MR”, and Epstein added a caveat to Rowan and Spinella: “I know Nick Ribis for a long time. that being said you should not rely on my introduction to mean anything more than that.- an introduction I have always found him to be straight always . however I want you to do your own due diligence. as this is not my area .”9394
  • A joke. On May 11, 2016 Epstein sent Rowan, with no text, a link to a parody video about a Pershing Square analyst meeting.95

August 2016: an introduction, and Form 8865

On August 12, 2016 Rowan introduced Epstein to a partner at Sidley Austin LLP. Rowan’s covering note to both men is one sentence: “I will leave it to the two of you to discuss directly. Tk, MR”96 The subject line he chose is “Re-Introduction after ‘Liquid Funding’”. Perry Shwachman replied the same evening:

Marc:

Thanks for introducing us.

Jeff:

It would be great to talk to you about helping with potential new USVI insurance regulations. Let me know if there is a good time to discuss.97

Nothing cited here shows whether that conversation happened or what came of it. Epstein’s own office had told Rowan’s office seven months earlier that one of his numbers was his “island office (STC-Southern Trust Company)”.53

The last direct message between them in the release is dated August 26, 2016, and its entire body is nine words: “Happy to explain my thinking on the 8865 issue”.9 Internal Revenue Service Form 8865 is the return for a United States person’s interest in a foreign partnership. Both Apollo’s internal investigation and the Senate Finance Committee later identified unfiled Forms 8865 as one of the matters Epstein handled, and both described them in the same terms: as “relating to Black’s interests in BRH Holdings L.P., a partnership through which Black and the other Apollo co-founders hold their ownership interests in Apollo and related foreign partnerships”.9816 Apollo’s principals’ agreements confirm that BRH Holdings, L.P. is held by Black, Rowan and Harris through their family vehicles, Rowan’s being MJR Foundation LLC.299 So the subject of that last message was a filing question on a partnership Rowan owned a third of. Nothing cited here records a reply.

December 2016: a draft in the file

Four months after the last message, the released files pick up a Paul, Weiss draft. It is headed “PWRW&G LLP Draft 12/20/16” and titled “AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AMONG PRINCIPALS”, dated as of a blank month in 2016, “among LEON D. BLACK, MARC J. ROWAN, JOSHUA J. HARRIS, BLACK FAMILY PARTNERS, L.P., MJR FOUNDATION LLC, MJH PARTNERS, L.P. AP PROFESSIONAL HOLDINGS, L.P., and BRH HOLDINGS, L.P.”99 It is a draft and it is unexecuted; the release also carries the operative 2007 agreement it amends.2

A companion sits nine months earlier. An Akin Gump deck marked “Privileged and Confidential / Draft 3/3/16” and titled “Death/Disability Analysis” works through what Black would lose and keep under that agreement if he died or was incapacitated, item by item against Rowan and Harris: his “MFN with Messrs. Harris and Rowan on investment terms for new Apollo funds”, his veto over the dissolution of BRH Holdings, his right to be one of the two principal votes needed for most executive committee actions.100101 Its draft date is the day before Rowan began forwarding Apollo’s tax workings to Epstein.

No document cited here shows that Epstein was asked to advise on either instrument, or that Rowan knew they were in his hands. The release contains Black family office and Apollo adviser papers as well as Epstein’s own, so the page does not assert whose file any of these documents came from.

What Apollo’s investigation found, and what it does not say

In October 2020 Apollo’s conflicts committee retained Dechert LLP to investigate the Black-Epstein relationship and any relationship between Epstein and Apollo. The report was delivered on January 22, 2021 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission three days later; its terms, and its findings about Black, are set out on Black’s page.102

Two passages bear on Rowan. Assessing Black’s public statement that he “never promoted Mr. Epstein’s services to other Apollo senior executives”, the report states:

Dechert’s investigation reflects that while Black did not try to pressure his co-founders to use Epstein, he did positively comment on the substantial value of Epstein’s services and, at Epstein’s repeated request, did try to introduce Epstein to his co-founders. In the end, neither co-founder hired Epstein or consulted with him on their personal matters. In light of these facts, the statement that Black “never promoted” Epstein is not false but could have been more precise. And it is clear that no Apollo employee other than Black ever seriously considered hiring Epstein, much less actually retained him.14

The report also records that “Epstein unsuccessfully sought to pitch business opportunities to certain Apollo senior executives, none of which were pursued by Apollo or those executives.”14

The report does not name Rowan anywhere. It refers to “his co-founders” and to “certain Apollo senior executives”, and neither Rowan nor Harris appears by name on any of its twenty-two pages.15

This page does not resolve the two records against each other and will not pretend to. What can be said precisely is this. The report’s claim is about hiring, retaining and consulting on personal matters, and no document cited on this page shows Rowan hiring Epstein, retaining him, or paying him anything. What the documents do show, on their face, is a co-founder who asked for meetings and got them, who obtained Apollo’s internal tax calculations and forwarded them to Epstein, who asked Epstein about an “inversion” and reported back on his progress, who told Epstein about the valuation he had used for his own estate-planning transfers, who introduced Epstein to outside counsel, and who was asked by Epstein what fee “you three” thought fair. Whether any of that falls inside the report’s words is a reading question, and the reader now has both texts.

Afterwards

March 2017. Barry J. Cohen wrote to Epstein about aircraft options for Black’s family office: “FYI. Marc Rowan bought a Global. Bigger plane, for less money. Anything wrong with considering that?” Epstein answered “not great service. .” and, the next morning, “Mercedes gulf stream. Cadillac falcon. Global chevy . The market is efficient”103104

March 2018. In an iMessage thread with Steve Bannon, the sheet records Bannon raising Senate scrutiny of Black over loans to Jared Kushner’s firm. Epstein’s answer was “Yes, its a division of Apollo with no real oversight. No there ,there”, and then, in a message the sheet does not label as Bannon’s: “I also think it was the other partner, Mark Rowen and not Josh Harris that was looking for OMB”105 The reply two messages later reads “Yes that’s the guy — rowen--- very very smart guy”; the extraction’s machine-readable text flattens the thread’s two columns, this page has not read the page image, and it therefore does not attribute that line to either man.105

The claim in Epstein’s message is one a journalist had by then put in print. The release holds a scanned copy of Michael Wolff’s Siege: Trump Under Fire, whose chapter on Kushner states: “During the transition, Kushner had offered Apollo’s cofounder Marc Rowan, the job of director of the Office of Management and Budget. Rowan initially accepted the job, declining it only after Apollo chairman Leon Black objected to what would have to be disclosed about Rowan’s and the firm’s investments.”106 That is a journalist’s account in a book the release happens to contain, not a document of record, and the only reason it appears here is that the same assertion is in Epstein’s own message of March 2018.

April 2018. Epstein wrote three characters to Kathryn Ruemmler: “ny?” She replied: “Have I met Marc Rowan?” Epstein answered: “No”107 The January 2016 diary page had put her in the room fifteen minutes before Rowan’s appointment.58 Whether either the meeting or her attendance happened is not established by anything cited here, and her answer is the only statement by a participant on the point.

July 2019. Weeks after Epstein’s arrest, the Wall Street Journal published an account of his clients. A copy circulated inside Deutsche Bank the next day is in the release, and it reads:

Mr. Epstein continued to mine his relationships after his 2008 guilty plea to prostitution charges in Florida. A few years ago, Apollo’s Mr. Black asked Marc Rowan, a senior managing director and co-founder of Apollo, to attend a meeting at Mr. Epstein’s house with a woman representing a wealthy family, according to a person familiar with the meeting, who said two blonde women who appeared to be in their 20s greeted guests at the door.

Mr. Rowan didn’t respond to a request for comment made via an Apollo spokesman.108109

That is a newspaper’s account, sourced to an unnamed person, and it is set out here as such and not as established fact. The documents above record one meeting at Epstein’s house at which Rowan was booked to sit with a woman representing a family banking group, on January 14, 2016. Nothing cited here identifies that as the meeting the article describes, and the article’s own dating is “a few years ago”. The sequence raises the question and does not answer it.

June 2022. The chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance wrote to “Marc Rowan / Chief Executive Officer / Apollo Global Management, Inc.” The letter opens: “I write seeking information regarding a business arrangement between Leon Black and Jeffrey Epstein.” It sets out that the Dechert report recorded $158 million paid by Black to Epstein between 2012 and 2017, observes that “This amount also appears well in excess of the expected compensation for estate planning services”, and puts thirteen numbered demands to Apollo, the first asking whether Apollo has retained all documents relating to the Dechert memorandum and, if not, “what individual or entity currently has custody of those documents”.16 The last of the thirteen is the Form 8865 question quoted above.

No answer from Apollo or from Rowan appears in the release. The committee’s subsequent Epstein correspondence in these files is addressed to Black and to his counsel, not to Apollo.110 Whether Apollo replied to the June 2022 letter is not established by anything cited here, and the absence of a reply in the release is not evidence that none was sent.

Other places the name appears

Two categories of document are worth naming so that a reader working behind this page is not misled by them.

The release carries a great deal of Apollo corporate paper in which Rowan’s name is a roster entry and not an act: Apollo’s annual reports and prospectuses defining the “Managing Partners”; articles of association and limited liability company agreements listing him as a manager; the 2007 restructuring’s assignment and assumption agreements; signature blocks; and share-ownership tables.468111 None of it is evidence of anything about Epstein, and the page has not treated it as such.

And the release carries multiple copies of a single e-mail chain from a self-described whistleblower to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s inspector general, which names Rowan in a string of names alongside Apollo, Black and others and makes allegations about an unrelated public company.112 It is a member of the public’s assertion, it is unsupported by anything else cited here, this page does not reproduce it and does not adopt it.

Response

No statement by Rowan about any of this material appears in the documents cited on this page. Most of what is quoted above is his own writing or his assistant’s, and it is quoted as written. The one approach to him recorded in these files is the Wall Street Journal’s in July 2019, which the article says went unanswered through an Apollo spokesman.109 This page did not search published reporting for a later comment from Rowan or a representative and does not assert that none exists.

What could not be established

Set out plainly, because the page would otherwise read as more than it is.

  • Whether any of the four booked meetings took place. Every appointment on this page is a booking, a reconfirmation or a diary line. No minute, note, attendance record or after-the-fact reference to any of them being held appears in the documents cited here, with the single partial exception of the request for a “follow up meeting” five days after September 8, 2013.
  • Whether Rowan ever paid Epstein, or Epstein ever billed Rowan. Nothing cited here shows an engagement, a retainer, an invoice or a payment in either direction.
  • What the February 2016 fee exchange was about. Neither the matter Epstein was waiting to “move forward” on, nor who “you three” were, nor any fee figure, is stated in any document cited here.
  • What the April 2014 cheque for $838,675 was for. The invoice reference is a single field and no document cited here explains it.
  • Whether Rowan knew that Epstein held Apollo principals’ agreements, the Ernst & Young modelling of his own position, or the Akin Gump death and disability analysis.
  • Whether Rowan knew that Epstein had forwarded his February 25, 2016 message to the other side of the Rothschild negotiation.
  • Whether the meeting the 2019 newspaper account describes is the January 14, 2016 appointment, or a different occasion, or an occasion no document in the release records.
  • Whether Apollo answered the June 2022 Senate letter.
  • Attribution inside the device extractions. The pages of the March 2018 thread were read from machine-readable text only; this page has not read the page images, and where the labelling on the sheet does not settle who wrote a line, the line is left unattributed.
  • What was said at the October 22, 2013 breakfast, if it happened, by any of the four men booked to be at it.

Sources

Footnotes

  1. Marc Rowan to Melanie Spinella, “Jeff,” August 15, 2013, 20:00:50 EDT, forwarded by Spinella to Epstein at 00:11 UTC on August 16. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01960872 p.1 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  2. “AGREEMENT AMONG PRINCIPALS, dated as of July 13, 2007, among LEON D. BLACK, MARC J. ROWAN, JOSHUA J. HARRIS, BLACK FAMILY PARTNERS, L.P., MJR FOUNDATION LLC, AP PROFESSIONAL HOLDINGS, L.P., and BRH HOLDINGS, L.P.” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00623298 p.1 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  3. Google Calendar reminder to Epstein’s office, August 28, 2013, 11:19, carrying the entry “does JE need to change the Mark Rowen meeting from Tues. Sept 3rd at 12:30 to the 8th?” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02130547 p.1; a second alert on the same entry at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02130685 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  4. Apollo Global Management, LLC, Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed March 9, 2012, as held in the release. “Managing partners” is defined at p.6 to refer to “Messrs. Leon Black. Joshua Harris and Marc Rowan collectively”; the ownership table is at p.277 and the signature page, carrying all three, at p.294. The extraction of this filing renders many commas as full stops, and no sentence of it is quoted in the body of this page. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00623392 pp.6, 277, 294 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  5. The same filing, director and executive officer biographies. It describes Rowan as a senior managing director and member of Apollo’s board and managing partner of Apollo Management, L.P., “which he co-founded in 1990”, previously of the mergers and acquisitions group of Drexel Burnham Lambert, and a member of the Undergraduate Executive Board of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, from which he took a BS and an MBA. The same page states that “In the normal course of business, our personnel have made use of aircraft owned as personal assets by Messrs. Black and Rowan.” Paraphrased rather than quoted for the reason given above. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00623392 pp.258, 287 ↩ ↩2

  6. Jeffrey Epstein to Ian Osborne, February 19, 2013, 23:05 UTC, with Osborne’s reply of the same evening and Epstein’s further message of February 20. The body of the first message is five words and no more. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00954111 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  7. Lesley Groff to Epstein, “Mark Rowen,” July 29, 2013, 17:40, as quoted in full inside Epstein’s forward of it to Melanie Spinella an hour and a half later; the copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02572601 p.1 puts a = in place of two letters inside it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01963158 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  8. Epstein to Melanie Spinella, August 1, 2013, 10:18. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01960525 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  9. Epstein to Marc Rowan, August 26, 2016, 09:09 UTC. This is the last direct message between the two men in the release. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02452433 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  10. Weekly schedule circulated by Lesley Groff, entry for “Sunday Sept 8, 2013 NY-PB-LSJ”: “8:00am Appt w/Marc Rowen”. A separately produced copy of the same schedule prints a telephone number beside the entry, which is not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_000879 ↩ ↩2

  11. Lesley Groff to Lisa Joyce, Melanie Spinella and Elizabeth Irene, “Jeffrey Epstein 7am tomorrow, Oct. 22,” October 21, 2013, 09:36 Eastern, signed “Lesley / Assistant to Jeffrey Epstein”. ⚠ Quoted from the copy in Epstein’s own production, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02124814 p.1, on which the From line is blank and the extraction renders the To line as the three principals’ own names. The sender and the true recipient list are given by the original message quoted in full inside each of the three replies below, and it is from those that this page identifies the sender. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00380907 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  12. Schedule for Wednesday January 6, 2016, in the House Oversight production. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_002036 ↩ ↩2

  13. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, “Jeffrey Epstein,” January 14, 2016, 15:00 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331035 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  14. Dechert memorandum, p.22, the assessment of Black’s July 31, 2019 letter to Apollo’s limited partners. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02730996 p.22 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  15. The memorandum runs to twenty-two pages and names neither of Black’s co-founders anywhere in it, by surname or by forename. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02730996 ↩ ↩2

  16. Ron Wyden, Chairman, Committee on Finance, United States Senate, to “Marc Rowan / Chief Executive Officer / Apollo Global Management, Inc.,” June 22, 2022, five sheets, thirteen numbered requests. The Form 8865 request is item 13(c) on the last sheet. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02731018 pp.1-5 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  17. The same document, Epstein’s forward of Groff’s message to Melanie Spinella, July 29, 2013, 19:10, whose entire covering text is those three letters. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01963158 p.1 ↩

  18. Patrick Fenn, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, to Epstein, “Negative Basis — Preferred Stock Proposal,” July 16, 2013, 13:53 UTC, attaching “Black Analysis_v4.xlsx”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00964966 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  19. Patrick Fenn to Epstein, “Rowan,” February 9, 2016, 12:07, as quoted in full inside his follow-up of 17:47 the same afternoon; the first-sent copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01787610 p.1 puts a = in place of the “h” in “had”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01786776 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  20. Melanie Spinella to Epstein, “MARC ROWAN,” August 15, 2013, 15:40. The = in “happy t= meet” is damage in the sheet’s machine-readable text; this page has not read the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02375781 p.1 ↩

  21. Epstein’s reply in the forwarded chain, August 17, 2013. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00967882 p.1 ↩

  22. Lesley Groff to Melanie Spinella and Spinella’s reply, August 19, 2013, 19:21 and 19:22 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00385709 p.1 ↩

  23. Lesley Groff to Epstein, “Marc Rowen,” March 17, 2016, 17:55. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02469643 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  24. Elizabeth Irene to Epstein, meeting invitation “Mtg: Marc Rowan & Jeff Epstein,” August 19, 2013, 13:51 UTC, for Tuesday September 3, 2013, 12:30 to 13:30 Eastern. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00639470 p.1; the calendar item itself, with status “CONFIRMED” and the Apollo location, at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00639471 p.1 ↩

  25. Calendar extracted from Epstein’s device, entry [41], 2013-09-03 12:30 (UTC offset as printed), titled “Mtg: Marc Rowan & Jeff Epstein” with the location “Marc’s office, Apollo - 9 W 57 St (5/6th Avs) 43 F”. Read from the machine-readable text. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01065179 p.3 ↩ ↩2

  26. Epstein to Lesley Groff and Melanie Spinella, August 26, 2013, 21:04. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02573121 p.1 ↩

  27. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, August 27, 2013, 14:09 UTC, quoting Irene’s message of 09:21 that morning and Groff’s own of 07:36, which asks where the meeting will be held. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00364880 p.1 ↩

  28. Calendar alert, September 3, 2013, 19:26, carrying the entry timed 12:30 that day. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02129280 p.1 ↩

  29. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, “Jeffrey Epstein,” September 6, 2013, 16:43. The address of Epstein’s house and a telephone number follow on the next lines and the number is not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02129763 p.1 ↩

  30. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, “Jeffrey Epstein,” September 10, 2013, 15:38 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00364946 p.1 ↩

  31. Elizabeth Irene, via Groff’s forward to Epstein, September 11, 2013: “Marc is traveling week of Sept.23. His next options are: Oct 14, 21, 22, 23.” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01958251 p.1 ↩

  32. Lesley Groff to Epstein and Epstein’s reply, October 1, 2013, 13:35. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01955940 p.1 ↩

  33. Groff’s question is quoted in two parts because the two produced copies of it garble different words in their machine-readable text: this copy renders “come see you at 8am on Tues. Oct 22” intact and puts a = in place of the “f” in the next word, while the copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01955940 p.1 renders that word intact and garbles “see” and “Tues.” This page has not read either page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02576148 p.1 ↩

  34. Lesley Groff to Epstein, “Josh Harris/Leon Black/Marc Rowen on Oct. 22,” and Epstein’s reply, October 8, 2013, 20:43. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01954983 p.1 ↩

  35. The three replies, all of October 21, 2013 and all addressed to Groff, each quoting her message in full beneath it: Elizabeth Irene, “Executive Assistant to Marc Rowan”, at 13:36:32 UTC, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00380907 p.1; Melanie Spinella at 13:36:34 UTC, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00380908 p.1; and Lisa Joyce, “Executive Assistant to Joshua Harris”, at 13:39:51 UTC, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00380909 p.1. No telephone or fax number is reproduced here. A confirmation by an assistant is not a record of attendance, and nothing cited here reports the meeting itself. ↩

  36. Schedule for Tuesday October 22, 2013, in the House Oversight production. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_000984 ↩

  37. Ernst & Young presentation, “Recognition of Tufts Gain in Exchanges,” undated, opening page setting out the $800 million of gain deferred from the 2007 distribution and the assumptions used. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00605877 p.1 ↩

  38. The same presentation, the per-founder tables at columns headed “LB”, “MR” and “JH”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00605877 pp.2-3 ↩

  39. “Deferral of Tufts Gain Through Guarantees. Summary of Scenarios. 7.5% Discount Rate,” scenario blocks headed “Leon Black”, “Marc Rowan” and “Josh Harris”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01122203 p.1; a second copy, bound with the Ernst & Young pages, at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01144079 pp.9-13 ↩

  40. Patrick Fenn to Epstein, “Preferred Equity Analysis,” August 27, 2013, 17:10 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00632268 p.1 ↩

  41. Melanie Spinella to Epstein, copying Lesley Groff, January 9, 2014, 21:52 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00376154 p.1 ↩

  42. Remittance stub headed “MARC and CAROLYN ROWAN” and the cheque beneath it, dated April 9, 2014, payable to Leon Black in the sum of $838,675.00 against an invoice reference field reading “2013HERITAGE”. Read from the machine-readable text; this page has not read the page image. The cheque number, the account reference and the payer’s address are not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00602688 p.1. Two further copies of the same run are at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00662880 p.1 and https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02713903 p.1 ↩

  43. Apollo tax receivable agreement statement, second sheet of the same run, headed “TRA Holder” and naming Rowan, with rows for a July 2007 exchange, a May 2013 exchange and a November 2013 exchange. The machine-readable text of this sheet is heavily degraded and no figure from it is quoted on this page; the quoted footnote is taken from the least degraded of the three renderings, at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02713903 p.2. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00602688 p.2 ↩

  44. “3840 WRITEUP / FY 2014 / LDB - MS POA,” bank activity and deposit detail, the row classified “INFLOWS / TRANSFER / HERITAGE MARC ROWAN”. The sheet’s columns are emitted one after another in the machine-read text rather than row by row, so the figure is reported here from the row label alone and no other value on the sheet is attributed to it. The sheet’s own closing instruction reads “PLEASE PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFO ON HIGHLIGHTED DEPOSITS”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01206639 p.3 ↩

  45. Richard Kahn to Epstein, “APO stock sales by Marc Rowan,” October 15, 2013 [sic: the sheet’s header reads Thursday, October 15, 2015], with a pasted table of fifteen insider sales between September 22 and October 14, 2015. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01731997 p.1 ↩

  46. Sanjay Patel, Apollo, to Epstein, “Catch up,” April 2, 2015, 14:07, attaching his contact card. Quoted from the copy later that afternoon in which the message is reproduced beneath Patel’s reply of 14:24 without transmission damage; the first-sent copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02506999 p.1 renders two words of it with a = in place of a letter. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02351953 p.1 ↩

  47. Melanie Spinella to Lesley Groff, copying Epstein, “Meeting with Marc Rowan,” December 16, 2015, 17:51 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00333096 p.1 ↩

  48. The same chain as it developed through the afternoon, carrying Epstein’s one-character reply, Groff’s proposed times and Spinella’s “Any earlier” and “Marc likes early!!” https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02066268 pp.1-2 ↩

  49. Lesley Groff to Epstein and household staff, “Marc Rowan,” December 16, 2015, 18:32 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00644430 p.1 ↩

  50. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, January 5, 2016, 18:32 UTC, quoting Irene’s message of 13:29 that afternoon. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00332387 p.1 ↩

  51. Elizabeth Irene to Lesley Groff, January 11, 2016, 18:20 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331808 p.1 ↩

  52. Elizabeth Irene to Lesley Groff, January 11, 2016, 17:56 Eastern, as quoted in full inside Groff’s reply of 23:15 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331847 p.1 ↩

  53. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, January 11, 2016, 23:15 UTC. The list of numbers Irene had sent is redacted on the sheet and nothing is supplied here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331847 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  54. Lesley Groff to Elizabeth Irene, “Re: Mtg: Rothschild - Jan 14,” January 12, 2016, 14:41 UTC, quoting Irene’s message of 09:32 that morning. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331899 p.1 ↩

  55. Elizabeth Irene to Lesley Groff, “RE: Mtg: Rothschild - Jan 14,” January 12, 2016, 15:49 UTC, and her earlier confirmation of the same morning. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331939 p.1 ↩

  56. Elizabeth Irene to Lesley Groff, January 14, 2016, 15:11 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00331056 p.1 ↩

  57. Lesley Groff’s schedule for Thursday January 14, 2016, circulated that afternoon, carrying the 3:00, 3:30 and 3:45 entries in that order. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02062983 p.1 ↩

  58. The same day’s schedule in the House Oversight production, carrying the 3:30 and 3:45 entries. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_002062 ↩ ↩2

  59. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Fwd: Good to see you last Friday’ - Edmond de Rothschild,” April 12, 2016, 11:39, forwarding Gernot Lohr of Apollo Management International LLP. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02466137 pp.1-3 ↩ ↩2

  60. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Hi there,” February 1, 2016, 15:59. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02474150 p.1 ↩

  61. Epstein to Marc Rowan, February 5, 2016, 16:09:56 UTC. Quoted from the copy whose machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in this sentence; a separately produced copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02472947 p.1 prints a =AO sequence inside it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00835023 p.1 ↩

  62. The same thread with Epstein’s one-word reply and Fenn’s answer, February 9, 2016, 17:47. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01786776 p.1 ↩

  63. Epstein to Marc Rowan, February 12, 2016, 15:01:59 UTC. Quoted from the copy whose machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in this passage; the copy at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02472570 p.1 puts a = in place of three letters inside it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00834575 p.1 ↩

  64. Marc Rowan to Epstein, February 12, 2016, 21:22 UTC, quoting Epstein’s message in full beneath it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00834513 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  65. A separately produced copy of the same message, which renders the initialism in upper case throughout. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02471986 p.1 ↩

  66. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Empire,” February 19, 2016, 01:56 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02471032 p.1 ↩

  67. Epstein’s reply, February 19, 2016, 02:30 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02470060 p.1 ↩

  68. “Apollo Restructuring” index of the 2007 agreements and of the reports prepared by Empire Valuation Consultants, listing Rowan as an assignor in the April 19 and June 20, 2007 assignment and assumption agreements. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00589418 pp.5, 7 ↩ ↩2

  69. Epstein to Marc Rowan, February 19, 2016, 19:54 UTC, attaching “Black_Family_Partners_9-3-15(tra).pdf”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00833950 p.1 ↩

  70. Epstein to Marc Rowan, February 19, 2016, 20:04:20 UTC, attaching a valuation of Black Family Partners dated three months after the first. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00833958 p.1 ↩

  71. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “FW: empire,” February 19, 2016, 20:07 UTC, attaching a 2014 Apollo charitable gift valuation memorandum bearing his name, forwarded from Apollo’s Mary Harada. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00668014 p.1 ↩

  72. Epstein to Marc Rowan, “Re: FW: empire,” February 19, 2016, 20:39 UTC. The full sentence reads “goofy - it was a fairly small block of stock of a publicly traded co. no mo[re]”, and the quotation above stops at the first full stop the sheet prints. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00833961 p.1 ↩

  73. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “RE: Valuation,” February 21, 2016, 16:03:41, with Epstein’s message of 11:03 quoted beneath it and Rowan’s own earlier message beneath that. Quoted from this copy because its machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in either passage. Rowan’s message opens with the salutation “J-”, which is not reproduced in the blockquote above, and his four-word answer of 16:03 stands at the head of the same sheet. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01742970 p.1 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  74. Epstein to Marc Rowan, blind-copied to Melanie Spinella, February 22, 2016, 09:35:05 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00833764 p.1 ↩

  75. Marc Rowan to Epstein, February 22, 2016, 14:43:36 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00643503 p.1 ↩

  76. Marc Rowan to Chris Weidler, March 3, 2016, 17:05, as quoted in the chain Rowan forwarded to Epstein. Quoted from the copy whose machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in this sentence; other copies of the same chain render “cash flows” with a = in place of the “w”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00832651 p.2 ↩

  77. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Fwd: TRA Valuation Process,” March 3, 2016, 22:26, forwarding Chris Weidler’s explanation of Apollo’s deferred tax asset and tax receivable agreement calculation. Quoted from the copy whose machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in the passages given: https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01184947 pp.1-2. The first-sent copy, which puts a = in place of the “n” in “exchange” and elsewhere, is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02400399 pp.1-2 ↩

  78. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Fwd: TRA Valuation Process,” March 4, 2016, 04:43, forwarding Weidler’s clarification on the principal and interest split and the applicable federal rate. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02470328 pp.1-3 ↩

  79. Epstein to Marc Rowan, “Re: TRA Valuation Process,” March 3, 2016, 22:38 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01184947 p.1 ↩

  80. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Re: TRA Valuation Process,” March 4, 2016, 11:07. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01804071 p.1 ↩

  81. Marc Rowan to Epstein, “Fwd: TRA Valuation Process,” March 4, 2016, 19:14, forwarding Suzanne Wong of Apollo Global Management, copied to Martin Kelly and Chris Weidler, with the attachment named in the body. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02704029 p.1 ↩

  82. Epstein to Marc Rowan, March 14, 2016, 18:31:23 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00831849 p.1 ↩

  83. Marc Rowan to Epstein, March 14, 2016, 18:34. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02340186 p.1 ↩

  84. Marc Rowan to Epstein, March 14, 2016, 18:43, quoting Epstein’s message of 18:38. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02335969 p.1 ↩

  85. Epstein to Marc Rowan, February 25, 2016, 20:31:09 UTC, with Rowan’s message of 20:27 that evening quoted beneath it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00833330 p.1 ↩

  86. Marc Rowan to Epstein, February 25, 2016, 20:33. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02470280 p.1 ↩

  87. Epstein to “A. de Rothschild,” February 25, 2016, 20:37, pasting Rowan’s message and its timestamp. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02470339 p.1 ↩

  88. Epstein to his office, January 12, 2016, 19:17 UTC. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00836748 p.1 ↩

  89. James W. Hagerty, Hagerty Jet Group, LLC, to Lesley Groff, copying Marc Rowan, January 12, 2016, 21:20 UTC, in a chain begun by Groff’s request to Elizabeth Irene that morning. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00332085 p.1 ↩

  90. Andrew Steward, Hagerty Jet Group, to Groff, copying Hagerty and Marc Rowan, January 12, 2016, 22:45 UTC, attaching the specification. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00332093 p.1 ↩

  91. Epstein to Marc Rowan, “Fwd:,” March 18, 2016, 13:58, forwarding Nicholas Ribis. The telephone number Epstein forwarded is not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02469230 p.1 ↩

  92. Marc Rowan to Epstein, March 18, 2016, 14:00, and Epstein’s forward of it to Ribis a minute later. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02469276 p.1 ↩

  93. Marc Rowan to Epstein, copying Melanie Spinella, March 22, 2016, 18:19. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02374581 p.1 ↩

  94. Epstein to Marc Rowan and Melanie Spinella, March 22, 2016, 18:15:47 UTC. Quoted from the copy whose machine-readable text carries no transmission damage in this passage. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00831073 p.1 ↩

  95. Epstein to Marc Rowan, May 11, 2016, 14:40 UTC. The message is a bare link and carries no text. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02462819 p.1 ↩

  96. Marc Rowan to Perry J. Shwachman and Epstein, “Re-Introduction after ‘Liquid Funding’,” August 12, 2016, 13:18, as quoted in full inside Shwachman’s reply; the copy sent to Epstein’s own account at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02454291 p.1 puts a = in place of the “y” in “directly”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02361689 p.1 ↩

  97. Perry J. Shwachman, Sidley Austin LLP, to Marc Rowan and Epstein, August 12, 2016, 23:53, quoting Rowan’s covering note beneath it. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02361689 p.1 ↩

  98. Dechert LLP memorandum to the Apollo conflicts committee, January 22, 2021, p.12, on the tax matters Epstein handled for Black, including the Forms 8865 relating to BRH Holdings L.P. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02730996 p.12 ↩

  99. “PWRW&G LLP Draft 12/20/16 / AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AMONG PRINCIPALS,” dated as of a blank month in 2016, with the definitions clause identifying “MR” as Marc J. Rowan and “MJR” as MJR Foundation LLC, a New York limited liability company, one of the three “Family Holding Entities”. The copy is a draft and carries no execution. The notice provisions on a later sheet print Rowan’s home address, which is not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00583332 pp.1, 4 ↩ ↩2

  100. Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, “Privileged and Confidential / Draft 3/3/16 / Death/Disability Analysis / Summary Slides / March 2016,” cover sheet. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02705481 p.1 ↩

  101. The same deck, “LB Death/Disability Analysis - Slide 2 of 3,” setting out the rights lost and retained under the Agreement Among Principals in each of the two cases. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02705481 p.3 ↩

  102. Dechert memorandum, pp.1-2, on the retainer, the scope and the witnesses interviewed. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02730996 pp.1-2 ↩

  103. Barry J. Cohen to Epstein, forwarding “G600 & G550 New Aircraft Options” from Essex Aviation Group, March 8, 2017, 19:54, with Epstein’s reply of 21:21. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01052684 p.1 ↩

  104. Epstein to Barry J. Cohen, March 9, 2017, 08:12 UTC, at the head of the same chain. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01052684 p.1 ↩

  105. iMessage extraction, Epstein and Steve Bannon, March 9, 2018. The extraction’s own header declares “Platform: iMessage / Timezone: UTC+0000” and this page states no local clock time from it. Attribution is taken only from the labels the sheet itself prints: messages standing between a printed “Steve Bannon” header and an “SB” avatar line are Bannon’s, and unlabelled messages are Epstein’s. The line “Yes that’s the guy — rowen--- very very smart guy” sits between the two patterns in the machine-readable text and is left unattributed for that reason. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01614968 pp.1-2 ↩ ↩2

  106. Michael Wolff, Siege: Trump Under Fire (Henry Holt and Company), chapter 10, as scanned into the release. The scan hyphenates “Man- agement” and “dis- closed” across line ends and the words are closed up in the quotation. The book is held in the release as a book and is not a record of anything about Epstein. A second scan of the same page exists in the House Oversight production; it is cited here from the copy that is a single page in the corpus. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00316512 p.13 ↩

  107. Epstein to Kathryn Ruemmler, April 3, 2018, 17:08 by the sheet’s own header, quoting her message and his own of 11:10. ⚠ The sheet renders her message’s own timestamp as “6:23 PM”, which is later than the header time of the reply that quotes it, so no local clock time is stated for her message here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02484241 p.1 ↩

  108. “Jeffrey Epstein Burrowed Into the Lives of the Rich and Made a Fortune,” The Wall Street Journal, July 25, 2019, as circulated inside Deutsche Bank the following day. Three names in the surrounding paragraphs are redacted on this copy and are not supplied here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01365973 p.1 ↩

  109. A second copy of the same article in Deutsche Bank’s files. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01410768 p.10 ↩ ↩2

  110. Ron Wyden to Leon D. Black, care of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck LLP, July 24, 2023, which cites the committee’s earlier letters to Apollo and to Black and the memoranda submitted for Black by Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02731023 pp.1-3 ↩

  111. Assignment and assumption agreement signature pages, “Consented to by: LEON D. BLACK … MARC ROWAN … JOSHUA HARRIS,” and the accompanying schedule of entity transfer provisions. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01128080 pp.93-95, 105 ↩

  112. E-mail chain from a self-described whistleblower to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s office of inspector general, forwarded May 6, 2019, one of several copies in the release. Its allegations concern an unrelated public company and are not reproduced here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00009904 pp.2-3 ↩

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