Epstein Data Wiki

Seth Lloyd

Properties2
tagsperson, academia, mit, quantum-computing, science-philanthropy, edge-foundation
aliasesSeth Lloyd, Lloyd, Seth

32 min read

PositionProfessor of mechanical engineering and physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; described in a 2017 letter on Harvard letterhead as “principal investigator at the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, and the director of MIT’s Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory”1
FieldQuantum information and quantum computing
Contact with EpsteinNamed in Epstein’s files from April 2009; flown to West Palm Beach at Epstein’s lawyer’s booking in December 2009; correspondence and meetings recorded to December 2018234
Epstein money$100,000 in two tranches in 2012 and $125,000 in 2017, both routed through MIT’s Office of the Recording Secretary; a further $60,000 in 2005 or 2006 reported by MIT’s 2020 review as deposited into a personal account and not reported to the university56
MIT actionPlaced on paid leave, January 2020, after MIT’s commissioned review found he “purposefully failed” to inform the university of Epstein donations76
In this releaseAt least 1,276 documents carry his name in an admitted form; 126 of them are documents he wrote

Seth Lloyd is a professor of mechanical engineering and physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a specialist in quantum information and quantum computing. He is one of the two MIT faculty members at the centre of the university’s 2019-2020 reckoning with Jeffrey Epstein’s money, and the released files carry a large body of correspondence between the two men written in Lloyd’s own hand.

This page is written from a measured population. At least 1,276 documents in the release carry his name in a form proved to refer to him. 126 of those are documents he wrote - a tenth of the population, counted by reading the sender field or the signature on the first sheet of every one. It means the page rests largely on his own words rather than on other people’s mentions of him. The 126 reduce to between 104 and 120 distinct messages once replicated copies are netted out. His authored messages in the release run from March 10, 2012 to December 3, 2018; the files record Epstein’s office dealing with him from April 2009.

The money is set out in full on the page for the MIT Media Lab, which covers both gifts and MIT’s handling of them; this page does not repeat that account. What it adds is the rest of the relationship: the 2009 approach, a two-night trip to West Palm Beach booked by Epstein’s lawyer five months after Epstein’s release from custody in Florida, seven years of meetings arranged through Epstein’s assistant Lesley Groff, the scientific correspondence Epstein was paying for, Lloyd’s own written account of how the 2017 payment should be structured, and the use Epstein’s publicity operation made of his name.

Lloyd has not been accused of any crime.

What the release holds, and how it was counted

The name was searched in every form that returned anything. Three forms carry him: the full name (1,240 documents, identical whether hyphenated or spaced), the inverted form “Lloyd, Seth” (46 documents, of which one is reached by no other form), and the surname preceded by a bare initial (40 documents). A further 34 documents are reached only through damaged or abbreviated spellings: twelve through the unapostrophised possessive “seth lloyds”, eighteen through the mail-system rendering of his MIT address as a display name, and four through transmission damage that split the surname across a soft line break.

The initial form is the one that misleads. Of the 40 documents matching “S Lloyd”, 35 do not also match the full name, and 34 of those 35 are a different bearer entirely. All 35 were opened and read, and they divide as follows: twenty-five copies, across two productions, of a syndicated press column about the lawyer Reid Weingarten that names “Goldman Sach’s Lloyd Blankfein”; two further references to Blankfein; two to a Lloyd’s of London account; two to Lloyd’s insurance syndicates; two academic bibliographies citing a different Lloyd; and one academic citation to another scholar again. Exactly one of the 35 is Seth Lloyd: a message in Epstein’s files under the subject line “Re: S Lloyd Abstract”. The bare surname was not mined: it returns 4,251 documents and “Lloyd” is also a forename and a bank.

The 1,276 figure is a floor, not a total. Thirty-two further spellings and damage shapes were tested beyond the three principal forms: fifteen returned nothing at all, eight returned only documents the admitted forms already reach, five are the damaged forms admitted above, three were rejected as forms because what they return bears a different name, and one remains an unresolved candidate, a damaged entry in a call list which this page does not count.

2009: Epstein’s files name him before any letter from him survives

The earliest document in this population is dated April 17, 2009, while Epstein was still serving his Florida sentence on work release. It proposes a conference, and the constraint on the venue is the point:

JE will fund this. Needs to be in West Palm Beach — a place he can go. JE — can your office handle all logistics for the area?

A “Preliminary List” of eleven names follows, with Lloyd tenth. The sender’s name is withheld in the copy read and is not supplied here.2

Ten days later Epstein offered a different list to a third party, writing that a person this page does not name “can meet have dinner lunch a weekend with any of the following seth lloyd mit quantum computing..” before going on to name, in the message’s own lower case and with two names misspelled, Murray Gell-Mann, Brian Greene, Leonard Susskind, Lawrence Krauss and Lee Smolin.8 Of the eleven names on the April 17 list and the six on this one, Lloyd is the only name on both, and on the second he comes first. On May 13 Epstein instructed an assistant: “tell seth lloyd we will have to wait until august..”9 On September 30 he wrote, “lets schedule marc hauser. seth lloyd , lee smolin, to spend a day or two —stay in apt , get car.”10

Five days after that, pressing the publisher Adam Bly on how to commission writers, Epstein described what he wanted and in doing so described Lloyd’s standing with him:

adam , what i would like to do , is have someone interview the scientists that i have funded , and describe their work in an exciting . comprehensible collection. I,m not sure if it should be one writer, or a group of writers, who might be more attuned to individual fields . so that the person interviewing seth lloyd on quantum computing , doesn’t give him a blank stare..

11

That is Epstein in October 2009 placing Lloyd among “the scientists that i have funded”. The earliest payment the release itself documents is from 2012. Press accounts of MIT’s 2020 review report a payment of $60,000 in 2005 or 2006, which Lloyd acknowledged depositing into a personal bank account without notifying MIT.6 Between that payment and the 2012 gift the release carries no record of money moving, although it carries Epstein describing Lloyd as already funded. The gap is in the documents, not in the relationship.

December 2009: the flight to West Palm Beach

On October 5, 2009 a message attributed by its own forwarding note to Lloyd was passed to Epstein’s address under the subject “Fwd: visit Jeffrey”. The forwarded message’s own sender and recipient fields are not legible in the copy read. It says: “I’d love to come down and visit Jeffrey. Some time in November or early December would be good.”12

The visit happened in December. On December 15, 2009 an Epstein staff member whose name is withheld in the copy read forwarded Lloyd an airline itinerary:

Here is your flight info for this Thursday. I will have Jeffrey’s driver pick you up from the airport. You will be staying in a guest apartment we have here in West Palm Beach. Do you have any dietary restrictions, preferences, etc?

The forwarded booking confirmation names the passenger as “SETH LLOYD”, on JetBlue flight 425 from Boston to West Palm Beach on December 17, 2009, returning on flight 424 on December 19. The billing name on the booking is Darren Indyke, Epstein’s lawyer, at a New York address.3

Epstein pleaded guilty in Florida in June 2008 and was released from custody in July 2009. The booking is the release’s record of an MIT professor being flown to Florida at the expense of that man’s lawyer, driven from the airport by that man’s driver, and housed in that man’s guest apartment, five months later.

No comparable travel record for Lloyd appears elsewhere in the release. Searches of the full-text index for his name together with “flight log”, with “manifest”, with “Little Saint James” and with “Zorro” return no travel record for him: the “Zorro” hits are Epstein office day-sheets that happen to carry both terms, and the “flight” hits are this December 2009 booking, his own references to his own commercial flights, and unrelated schedules. The files record him travelling to Epstein, by scheduled airline, not aboard Epstein’s aircraft.

The scheduling relationship, 2011 to 2018

From 2011 the traffic is dominated by Epstein’s office. Of the 1,276 documents, 276 carry Lesley Groff as sender and 230 carry Epstein himself; Lloyd is the sender of record on 114. The pattern is a standing invitation renewed every few months: Epstein would come to Cambridge, and Lloyd would be asked to come and see him, usually at Martin Nowak’s Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at 1 Brattle Square.

The office was handling him before it had his address. On July 5, 2011 Epstein wrote to Groff, in full: “please get seth lloyds email”.13 Two and a half weeks earlier the office had already written to him about a trip to Italy, offering to “arrange a tour of the Ferrari factory”.14

What the resulting exchanges look like is best shown by their ordinariness. “Dear Lesley, We had a long and productive conversation on Saturday. Thanks!”15 “Dear Leslie downstairs on Brattle Street. Can someone let me in?”16 “I will be in town (finally!) and will show up at Martin’s institute around 11. Looking forward to it.”17 “Sadly, I will be in Italy. Please give my best to Jeffrey. I hope our paths cross soon.”18 On March 31, 2016 the venue moved: told that Lloyd was at MIT that day, the office wrote back, “Media Lab will be more convenient! Please meet Jeffrey at the Media Lab in room #245! We are going to hold all the meetings here!” Lloyd replied, “Yes, Media Lab is easier: I’ll have more time then. Looking forward to tomorrow.”19

Epstein’s own circle found him worth introducing. In April 2012, preparing a Harvard day, Leon Black’s assistant wrote to Epstein’s office under the subject “questions from Leon”:

Secondly, he would like to know who the following people are:

Seth Lloyd

Henry rosovosky

Ted Kaptchuk

George Church

The sheet prints the four names on separate lines, in that order, and the message is signed by an assistant whose block gives her employer as Apollo Management, LP.20 On May 12, 2015 Joi Ito wrote to Epstein: “Just talked to Seth. He’s thinking about physics and money.” He went on: “I think we should have a meeting with Jeremy Rubin, Adam Back (or other cor[e] developer of bitcoin), Seth, Martin Nowak, you and a few others soon abou[t] money and the future of finance.” Lloyd answered the same afternoon. His message opens “Dear Jeffrey,” on its own line; the next line reads “Seconding Joi here.”, and after a printed artefact that the sheet carries between the two sentences, “It would be fun to talk.”21

On January 21, 2017 Epstein convened an event he called the birthday lectures and Lloyd called a birthday party. Epstein wrote the next morning to Lloyd’s MIT address: “a sincere thank you for todays partcipation in the b[i]rthday lectures”.22 Lloyd answered the following night: “Dear Jeffrey, Great birthday party! I learned a lot.”23 He wrote almost the same words to a group that included Nowak, Epstein and three other academics, under the subject “Re: 21 Jan”: “Great birthday party. I learned a lot.”24

What Epstein was buying

A substantial part of the correspondence is scientific. In December 2012 Epstein put a question about gravity to him; four days later Lloyd replied, “Dear Jeffrey, I’m taking advantage of the lull in conversation to send you the paper that I mentioned: take a look at the figure, which explains visually how Einstein’s equations arise out of ticks of a clock. Looking forward to talking soon.”25 In September 2013 he wrote unprompted:

Dear Jeffrey, Just checking in to see how you are doing. Things here are good: John Preskill and I just posted a paper on black hole evaporation to try to resolve the so-called `firewall’ paradox, and it is catching people’s notice (I attach it).

26

In January 2016, asked “hey, what are you working on?”, he answered: “In addition to the usual stuff — quantum machine learning (some great results here), use of entanglement in precision measurement — I am gearing up to write a new book on the problem of possibility, choice, and instability in physical and financial systems.”27 Over four days in October 2016 Lloyd sent seven messages on consciousness and self-reference, carried in thirteen copies in the release, writing from the middle of a government deadline: “That’s a tough one! Too tired from DOD blather blather to take it on tonight though. Fun talking today.”28 In March 2018 he was reading what Nowak had pointed him to: “It is closely related to my chemical computation project. I have also read about plant communications, which is also fascinating.”29

The Scientific American article

Epstein’s side of this was not only intellectual, and the clearest instance is a ghostwritten article about Lloyd’s own research, prepared for placement under Epstein’s name. The whole sequence is in the release, and Lloyd is in it.

On August 11, 2014 an operative whose name is not legible in the copy read wrote to Tyler Shears: “attached is the Seth Lloyd abstract for the article. I had a good interview with him and have all the documents.” The next day Epstein joined the thread with the reason it mattered to him: “they have asked me to be a guest editor in scientifc american, is there somethig that would help more than other things, refereinces inside article etc.” Shears answered, “this is great. spot on”, and then, in the same message, “is this something we can help you oversee ? we would utilize references in placements in a “discreet” way”. The quotation marks around the word discreet are the document’s own. That afternoon the operative proposed: “We could do a more expansive article on Seth Lloyd for scientific American and reference the PED/ Jeffrey etc w links. Let me know…”, and asked separately whether, “As a guest editor, could Jeffrey get a scientific American URL page w a brief bio?”3031

On August 30 the same operative reported progress to Epstein, Shears and Richard Kahn:

drafting the full article on Seth Lloyd/Quantum Computing— for Scientific American via Jeffrey w/ hyperlinks throughout the text. If not accepted by SA, then we can use it for another publication w Jeffrey’s name in the title.

32

A draft reached Lloyd on October 10, 2014 under the subject “From Jeffrey’s VI Foundation: article draft attached”. When he had not replied by October 16 the operative wrote again:

I hope you are well. Just checking to see if you received the quantum—photosynthesis article draft? It’s reattached below.

One thought in order to secure it a place with Scientific American, Nature, Forbes or other entity is to have your name on it as editor or a ‘prefaced by’. As mentioned, Jeffrey will have a guest editor page with them and would point to the article.

Lloyd answered the next afternoon, and he answered as an editor. His message reads, after a salutation to a name the production withholds: “Looks good! I added a few minor changes to make sure credit was given where due. Plus it is qubit, not qbit!” and is signed “Seth”.33

Within hours the operative reported to Shears what that reply unlocked:

Seth Lloyd likes the quantum article— see below. so I’ll incorporate his edits and ask him to put his name on the piece as editor— the ideal place is to place this on Jeffrey’s guest editor page at Scientific American online (or Nature online which Sc Am hosts). That way Jeffrey can get his name in their url as well has hyper links in the text.

33

So the documents establish that Lloyd was told of the plan, was sent the draft, read it, edited it, and approved it, and that the purpose of putting his name on it as editor was to place it where Epstein’s name would appear beside it. What they do not establish is what happened next. Nine documents in the release pair his name with “Scientific American”; all nine were opened and read. Five are this operation, and four are an unrelated passage from a Brockman anthology recalling a 1988 Scientific American feature. None records that the article was submitted, accepted or published, and none records Epstein ever holding the guest editorship he said he had been offered.

An April 2015 progress report for the Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation proposed, among sixteen numbered suggestions for a foundation-backed video series: “Some bigger names in their episodes (that command viewership). Ie: Seth Lloyd, Martin Nowak, Ben Goertzel etc. (We can assist with this).”34 In June 2017 a letter on the letterhead of Nowak’s Harvard programme, addressed to a United States immigration office in support of a person whose name is withheld in the copy read, listed the scientists brought “to our dialogue at the PED” and described Lloyd as “principal investigator at the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, and the director of MIT’s Center for Extreme Quantum Information Theory”.1

The 2017 payment, in his own words

The mechanics of the 2012 and 2017 gifts, and MIT’s decision to record them anonymously, are set out on the MIT Media Lab page. Five documents belong here, because Lloyd wrote them and they are his own account of what he was asking for and why.

The approach came first. On July 31, 2016 he wrote to Epstein:

Dear Jeffrey,

You have generously supported my research the last few years. The most recent $100K you donated two years ago was supremely useful: because of the lack of restrictions on the gift, I was able to support visitors, students, and activities that can’t be supported by government grants.

The same message asks for more, and then offers something further:

We have also talked about me checking out MIT’s willingness to accept additional donations from you: would you like me to ask around?

35

That was written eight years after Epstein’s conviction, and after MIT’s gift office had already begun recording gifts for Lloyd anonymously, a practice its own staff confirmed in writing the following year.5

The following May he set out a structure. On May 14, 2017, under the subject “grant”, he wrote:

Thank you ve=y much for offering to support my salary and research this comin= year. It has taken me a while to find a way to work this out=/div> in the most efficient way: MIT charges 65% overhead on grants fo= salary, and this seems exorbitant. However, I have=discovered that if your foundation were to give the amount via M=T as an unrestricted donation for the support of my research, th=n I can use the funds to pay for research, travel, and living ex=enses while on my sabbatical. These amounts would total r=ughly half my salary, and for these purposes, MIT only charges a=nominal overhead.

and closed the financial part: “Half my salary is approximately $120K.” The message also says, “MIT has accepted grants from you in the past and=so I anticipate that the donation would go smoothly.”36

The equals signs inside that quotation are printed on the sheet. They are quoted-printable soft breaks that survived into the production, each standing where a single character was lost; nothing has been repaired here.

Four days later he introduced Epstein’s office to the MIT gift officer who would handle it, writing that because Epstein had given before, the money could be credited to the fund already open in his name. The fund reference printed on that sheet is not reproduced here.37

The following day, a Friday, he wrote in full:

Dear Jeffrey

Sorry if I jumped the gun on the grant ;-)

Driving out to Woodstock. Call at your leisure.

Seth

38

On June 1, 2017 Epstein instructed Kahn, “send 125 k to mit for s[e]th lloyd from gratitude,”. In Epstein’s instructions to Kahn “from gratitude” denotes Gratitude America, one of his charitable vehicles: in November 2017 Kahn wrote back to him of another beneficiary that “previous checks were both from Gratitude America” and asked him to “please confirm 100,000 will be from gratitude as well”.39 Lloyd, copied, replied the same afternoon:

With gratitude in return.

P.S. the reason for doing this via MIT=as a gift is to minimize the fraction taken by MIT and by Uncle Sam. =div>I did some research: this route will save about 30%.

40

Read in sequence, the four 2017 messages are a single transaction: a request framed around MIT’s overhead rate, a routing chosen because it reduces what the university and the tax authorities take, an introduction to the office that would receive the wire, and an acknowledgement that the route saves about thirty per cent. The documents state the purpose of the structure in Lloyd’s own words; they do not establish that anything about it was improper, and this page does not assert that. What MIT’s own review later found was a failure to inform the university of donations, not a tax finding.

The last year

In October 2017 Lloyd declined an invitation: “Unfortunately, I won’t be able to come. I am in Oxford UK this year on sabbatical. I am missing seeing Jeffrey: perhaps I could stop by in NYC some time during one of my visits.”41 The sabbatical is the one the 2017 money was asked for.

On November 28, 2018 the Miami Herald began publishing “Perversion of Justice”. Four days later, on December 2, Lloyd was with Epstein at Nowak’s institute. The schedule circulated inside Epstein’s office that morning lists “12:30pm LUNCH w/Seth Lloyd” alongside appointments with Nowak, George Church and Danny Hillis, at 1 Brattle Square after a 10:30 arrival at Bedford.4 Lloyd’s message the next morning confirms he was there:

Yes, yesterday was a particularly fine occasion: George was on form, scaring the bejesus out of us as normal. The ethnobotanists were great. And you gave us all a clear description of how the market works, which was highly illuminating.

He went on to accept Epstein’s criticism of a portfolio model he had used - “No problem about Markowitz: it is a toy model” - and signed off, “Great to see you. Talk soon.”42

That is the last document in this population that Lloyd wrote. The release carries nothing from him after December 3, 2018, although Epstein’s office continued to handle material naming him: on February 7, 2019 Groff reminded Epstein of John Brockman’s “Possible Minds” book launch at Harvard that month, on an invitation list carrying both Epstein’s name and Lloyd’s.43

Epstein was arrested on July 6, 2019 and died on August 10. In January 2020 MIT published the review it had commissioned from an outside law firm. Press accounts held in the release report that the review found Lloyd had “purposefully failed” to inform MIT of multiple donations from Epstein, that these included two $50,000 payments in 2012 and $125,000 in 2017, and that he was additionally found to have received $60,000 in 2005 or 2006 which he acknowledged depositing into a personal bank account without notifying the university. He was placed on paid leave. Asked for comment when the report was published, he did not immediately respond.76

What the release does not hold

Several questions this page cannot settle, stated so a reader can test them:

  • No payment record between 2005-2006 and 2012. Epstein described Lloyd in October 2009 as among the scientists he had funded.11 The release documents the 2012 and 2017 gifts and carries press reporting of a 2005-2006 payment. It carries no instrument, instruction or receipt for anything in between.
  • No message from Lloyd before March 10, 2012, though Epstein’s office was corresponding about him from April 2009 and with him from June 2011. Whatever he wrote in those three years is not in this release.
  • No outcome for the Scientific American article. Lloyd read and edited the draft on October 17, 2014. Nothing in the release records the piece being submitted, accepted, rejected or published, and nothing records Epstein holding the guest editorship he said he had been offered.
  • No deposition, subpoena or testimony. Searches of the index for his name together with “deposition” and with “subpoena” return nothing.
  • Nothing from him after December 3, 2018, including nothing after Epstein’s arrest, nothing after his death, and nothing responding to MIT’s review.

Timeline

DateEvent
Apr 17, 2009Lloyd is tenth on the “Preliminary List” for a symposium Epstein will fund, to be held in West Palm Beach, “a place he can go”2
Apr 27, 2009Epstein offers meetings with a list of scientists headed by “seth lloyd mit quantum computing..”8
May 13, 2009”tell seth lloyd we will have to wait until august..”9
Sep 30, 2009”lets schedule marc hauser. seth lloyd , lee smolin, to spend a day or two —stay in apt , get car.”10
Oct 5, 2009Epstein names Lloyd among “the scientists that i have funded”11; a forwarded message attributed to Lloyd accepts a visit12
Dec 17-19, 2009Lloyd flies Boston to West Palm Beach and back on a booking billed to Darren Indyke, met by Epstein’s driver, housed in an Epstein guest apartment3
Jun 18, 2011Epstein’s office offers to arrange a Ferrari factory tour during an Italian trip14
Jul 5, 2011Epstein to Groff: “please get seth lloyds email”13
Mar 10, 2012Earliest located message written by Lloyd in the release
Apr 13, 2012Leon Black’s assistant asks Epstein’s office who Seth Lloyd and three others are20
Jun 1, 2012Epstein’s day schedule: “12:30 Iunch with Seth Lloyd”44
Jun 2012Epstein pledges $100,000 to MIT in two tranches for Lloyd’s discretionary research5
Dec 15, 2012Lloyd answers Epstein’s gravity question and sends a paper25
Sep 7, 2013Lloyd reports a new paper with John Preskill on black hole evaporation26
Aug 11-12, 2014An abstract on Lloyd is circulated for a ghostwritten article; Shears offers to “utilize references in placements in a “discreet” way”30
Aug 30, 2014The article is being drafted “for Scientific American via Jeffrey w/ hyperlinks throughout the text”32
Oct 17, 2014Lloyd edits the draft about his own work: “Looks good! I added a few minor changes …”33
~2014The “$100K you donated two years ago” later referred to by Lloyd35
May 12, 2015Joi Ito proposes a bitcoin and finance meeting around Lloyd; Lloyd agrees21
Jan 24, 2016Lloyd describes his current work and a planned book on instability in physical and financial systems27
Apr 1, 2016Meeting moved to the MIT Media Lab, room #24519
Jul 31, 2016Lloyd asks for continued support and offers to sound MIT out on further Epstein donations35
Oct 21-24, 2016Exchange on consciousness and self-reference; “Sitting here writing report for DOD”28
Jan 21-23, 2017Epstein thanks Lloyd for his part in the “b[i]rthday lectures”; Lloyd: “Great birthday party! I learned a lot.”2223
May 14, 2017”grant”: the 65% overhead and the unrestricted-donation route36
May 18, 2017Lloyd introduces Epstein’s office to the MIT gift officer37
May 19, 2017”Sorry if I jumped the gun on the grant ;-)“38
May 29, 2017”Could we talk briefly abo[u]t your supporting my sabbatical?”45
Jun 1, 2017Epstein: “send 125 k to mit for s[e]th lloyd from gratitude,”; Lloyd: “this route will save about 30%.”40
Jun 6, 2017A Harvard PED letter to a US immigration office names Lloyd among scientists brought to the programme1
Oct 3, 2017”I am in Oxford UK this year on sabbatical.”41
Mar 8-9, 2018Chemical computation and plant communication exchange29
Apr 16, 2018”chat?” - Lloyd apologises for being a poor correspondent46
Nov 28, 2018The Miami Herald begins “Perversion of Justice”
Dec 2, 2018”12:30pm LUNCH w/Seth Lloyd” on Epstein’s Bedford itinerary4
Dec 3, 2018Lloyd’s last located message: “Great to see you. Talk soon.”42
Feb 7, 2019Groff reminds Epstein of the “Possible Minds” launch; Lloyd is on the list43
Jan 2020MIT’s commissioned review is published; Lloyd is placed on paid leave76

A note on this page’s sources and method

Page numbers in the footnotes below are 1-indexed, as printed documents number themselves; the corpus from which they were located numbers pages from zero.

Quotations are reproduced exactly as the sheet prints them, including misspellings, spacing and transmission damage. Where a single lost character has been supplied it is shown in square brackets, and every such supply was made after rendering the page image, never from the machine-extracted text. Twenty-two sheets were rendered at their native resolution and read for this page. In seven of them the paper corrected the machine extraction, and the paper was followed in every case. No square-bracket completion on this page was made from machine-extracted text.

Three classes of value printed on these sheets are deliberately withheld: telephone numbers, electronic addresses other than Epstein’s own, and the internal fund reference on the May 2017 message. Names withheld by the producing party are not supplied from surrounding documents, and where this page says a sender is withheld it means the field is not legible in the copy read, which is not the same as a finding that the producer removed it.

Footnotes

  1. Letter on Program for Evolutionary Dynamics letterhead, Jun 6, 2017, to a United States immigration office. The name of the person it supports is withheld in the copy read and is not supplied here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00309262 p.2 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  2. Message of Apr 17, 2009 under the subject “smart people symposium”. Read at the page image. The sender’s name is not legible in the copy read and the recipients are not named here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02412902 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  3. Epstein staff member to Seth Lloyd, Dec 15, 2009, forwarding a JetBlue booking confirmation of the same day. The confirmation number and booking-agent number printed on the sheet are not reproduced here. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00559339 p.1. An earlier itinerary forward of Dec 4, 2009 is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00559336 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  4. Epstein office thread of Dec 2, 2018 carrying that day’s schedule. Read at the page image; the sheet is heavily redacted around the entries and nothing is supplied here from other copies. The “Harvard Trip Itinerary” circulated on Nov 30, 2018 is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00486003. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00486047 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  5. See MIT Media Lab, which sets out the 2012 and 2017 gifts and MIT’s handling of them with its own citations. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  6. SDNY news clips, Jan 13, 2020, carrying coverage of MIT’s review. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00105365 p.5 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  7. Newspaper coverage of MIT’s commissioned review, carried as a news clipping in the release. The clipping is not reproduced here beyond the phrase quoted, and this page has not identified its publication date or byline. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00064817 p.5 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  8. Jeffrey Epstein, Apr 27, 2009. The message is from a JPMorgan Chase production carried in this release. Read at the page image. The person it concerns is not named on this page, and the scientists’ names are spelled in the message as the quotation shows, in lower case and with two misspellings. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01256065 ↩ ↩2

  9. Epstein to an assistant, May 13, 2009. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01827385 ↩ ↩2

  10. Epstein, Sept 30, 2009. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00740112 ↩ ↩2

  11. Jeffrey Epstein to Adam Bly, Oct 5, 2009, replying to Bly’s message of Oct 4. Read at the page image; the machine extraction reads “l,m” where the paper reads “I,m”, and the paper is followed. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00740291 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  12. Message forwarded to Epstein’s address, Oct 5, 2009, under the subject “Fwd: visit Jeffrey”, above the line “FYI…from Seth Lloyd”. Read at the page image. The sender and recipient fields of the forwarded message are not legible in the copy read; the attribution is the forwarding note’s own, and its salutation is not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02437952 ↩ ↩2

  13. Epstein to Lesley Groff, Jul 5, 2011. Groff’s acknowledgement of the same minute is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00431371. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00431368 ↩ ↩2

  14. Epstein’s office to Seth Lloyd, Jun 18, 2011, “Italy/Jeffrey Epstein”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02322578 ↩ ↩2

  15. Seth Lloyd to Lesley Groff, Dec 18, 2012. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00399070 ↩

  16. Seth Lloyd to Epstein’s office, Jan 26, 2013. The sheet prints “Leslie”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00396717 ↩

  17. Seth Lloyd to Epstein’s office, Oct 29, 2015. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02068731 ↩

  18. Seth Lloyd to Epstein’s office, Jun 18, 2013. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02136095 ↩

  19. Epstein’s office to Seth Lloyd, Mar 31, 2016, and his reply of the same evening. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02055085 pp.1-2; https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02055924 ↩ ↩2

  20. Melanie Spinella, Apr 13, 2012, under the subject “questions from Leon”, forwarded within Epstein’s office on Apr 14. Her signature block gives her title and employer on separate lines. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00415211 p.1 ↩ ↩2

  21. Seth Lloyd to Joichi Ito, copied to Epstein, May 12, 2015, “Re: Seth/bitcoin”, quoting Ito’s message of the same day. Read at the page image; Ito’s message carries two printed transmission faults, completed here in square brackets from the paper. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02502990 ↩ ↩2

  22. Jeffrey Epstein to Seth Lloyd’s MIT address, Jan 22, 2017. Read at the page image; the sheet prints “b=rthday” and the missing character is supplied in square brackets. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02663432 ↩ ↩2

  23. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, Jan 23, 2017. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01056071 ↩ ↩2

  24. Seth Lloyd to Donald Rubin and others including Martin Nowak and Epstein, Jan 23, 2017, “Re: 21 Jan”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02661655 ↩

  25. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, Dec 15, 2012, replying to Epstein’s message of Dec 11. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00949976 ↩ ↩2

  26. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, Sept 7, 2013, “Hey!”. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01956912 ↩ ↩2

  27. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, Jan 24, 2016, replying to Epstein’s “hey, what are you working on?”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00835904 ↩ ↩2

  28. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, Oct 24, 2016. The rest of the Oct 21-24 exchange is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00814280, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00814376, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00814431, https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00813672 and https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00813593. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00813617 ↩ ↩2

  29. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, Mar 8, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00862713 ↩ ↩2

  30. Thread of Aug 11-12, 2014, under the subject “Re: S Lloyd Abstract”, among Tyler Shears, Richard Kahn, Jeffrey Epstein and a correspondent whose name is not legible in the copy read. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01979903 ↩ ↩2

  31. Same thread, Aug 12, 2014, 5:20 p.m. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01979974 ↩

  32. Message to Epstein, Tyler Shears and Richard Kahn, Aug 30, 2014, under the subject “update”. The sender’s name is not legible in the copy read and no role is supplied for it here. Read at the page image. A duplicate is at https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00996218. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02589462 ↩ ↩2

  33. Message to Tyler Shears and Epstein’s address, Oct 17, 2014, under the subject “Fw: Quantum computing & photosynthesis article”, forwarding Seth Lloyd’s reply of the same afternoon and the request to him of Oct 16. Read at the page image; the machine extraction reads “so I71” where the paper reads “so I’ll”, and the paper is followed. The salutation of Lloyd’s reply is withheld by the producing party and is not supplied here. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00645045 pp.1-2 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  34. The Jeffrey Epstein VI Foundation, progress report, April 2015, suggestion 5. Read at the page image; the machine extraction reads “le:” where the paper reads “Ie:”, and the paper is followed. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02714267 p.2 ↩

  35. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, Jul 31, 2016. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00632307 p.1 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  36. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, May 14, 2017, “grant”. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02650145 ↩ ↩2

  37. Seth Lloyd to Epstein’s office and an MIT gift officer, May 18, 2017, “donation”. Read at the page image. The fund reference printed on the sheet is not reproduced. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02396132 ↩ ↩2

  38. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, May 19, 2017, “Call”. The machine extraction of this sheet reads “Sony”; the paper reads “Sorry”, and the paper is followed. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00694748 ↩ ↩2

  39. Richard Kahn to Epstein, Nov 1, 2017, read directly for this page in the full-text index rather than taken from a secondary account. The same exchange is set out, about a different beneficiary, on International Peace Institute. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00675377 p.1 ↩

  40. Seth Lloyd to Epstein, copied to Richard Kahn, Jun 1, 2017, quoting Epstein’s instruction of the same morning. Read at the page image; the sheet prints “s=th lloyd” and “MIT=as”, and the missing characters are supplied in square brackets where this page quotes them. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02647232 ↩ ↩2

  41. Seth Lloyd to Epstein’s office, Oct 3, 2017. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00460271 ↩ ↩2

  42. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, Dec 3, 2018, replying to Epstein’s message of 7:57 that morning. Read at the page image. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA01014564 ↩ ↩2

  43. Lesley Groff to Epstein, Feb 7, 2019, forwarding John Brockman’s invitation of Nov 20, 2018. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA00490377 pp.1-2 ↩ ↩2

  44. Lesley Groff, day schedule for Jun 1, 2012. The sheet prints “Iunch” with a capital I. https://epstein-data.com/HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_000520 ↩

  45. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, May 29, 2017, “talk briefly?”. Read at the page image; the sheet prints “abo=t” and the missing character is supplied in square brackets. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02647648 ↩

  46. Seth Lloyd to Jeffrey Epstein, Apr 16, 2018, “chat?”. https://epstein-data.com/EFTA02469618 ↩

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