Guerman Aliev

⚠ what this page is about, and what it is not

A Russian-born financier who reached Jeffrey Epstein’s correspondence twice in five days in December 2017, under two different descriptions, and who, under a second name, took an appointment with Epstein five weeks later. No document read for this page records a meeting taking place, records any transaction between the two men, or records the change of name that the public record attaches to him. ⚠ The California civil allegations set out below are allegations in a filed complaint. No court has found them proved, and the appellate rulings described here decided who may be made to arbitrate, not whether anything happened.

Also known as	Gerald T. Banks. Two journalists report that he took that name; a California appellate report of the trial court’s orders describes the defendant as “Gerald Banks (also known as Guerman Aliev)“1
Business	Managing partner of Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC, the renamed successor of Stone Tower Equity Partners, reported to be funded by Vladimir Potanin through Interros1
Ford Models	Chief executive of Ford Models, Inc. at the material time, on the face of a California appellate report2
⭐ In the release	Named to Epstein on 17 December 2017, four minutes after Epstein asked who a woman’s “patron” was, and again on 22 December 2017 by a different correspondent asking whether Epstein had heard of his fund34
The appointment	29 January 2018. Epstein’s office scheduled, rescheduled twice and confirmed an appointment with “Gerald Banks w/Altpoint Capital”. ⚠ Arranged and confirmed; no document read for this page records it taking place5
The bank	Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC appears in the same Deutsche Bank high-risk client-review population as Epstein’s entities, under a different banker and on a different review date, marked for account closure, 10 March 20176
Sanctions	Not listed. Neither name appears on the OFAC, UK or EU consolidated lists read for this page7

The two names, and what establishes they are one man

No document read for this page carries both names. In December 2017 two of Epstein’s correspondents write to him about Guerman Aliev. In January 2018 Epstein’s office arranges an appointment with Gerald Banks of Altpoint Capital, and the correspondent writes under the display name GB Altpoint from an address at that firm’s own domain.³⁴⁵

What joins them is outside the release, and it is a court record. A California appellate report of the Los Angeles Superior Court’s arbitration orders describes the defendant as “Gerald Banks (also known as Guerman Aliev)”, and describes him as Ford Models’ chief executive in February 2017, and Altpoint Capital Partners held the agency on the reporting cited below. ⚠ Two named journalists reported the change independently before that: Ann Costantino wrote in 2018 that “Russian-born Guerman Aliev changed his name to Gerald T. Banks and is now an American citizen”, and Seth Hettena wrote in 2019 that Aliev “renamed himself as Gerald T. Banks”.¹²

⚠ The page states the basis rather than asserting the identity flatly, because the basis is what a reader needs. The join rests on three independent things agreeing: the same firm in both halves of the release, the court record’s “also known as”, and two journalists writing the same thing a year apart. ⚠⚠ No document read for this page records the change of name, and nothing in the release connects the December correspondence to the January appointment.

⚠ Other men of similar name appear both in the release and in the public record, and none of them is this subject. The similarly-named material in the release concerns the Azerbaijani presidential family. The man designated by the U.S. Treasury under the Russia programme is Murat Magomedovich Aliev, a different person entirely.⁷

December 2017: the name reaches Epstein twice in five days

On the evening of 17 December 2017 Epstein asks a correspondent who a woman’s “patron” is. His message reads: “im in florida until the 6th. can skype . can you tell me the patron. need to know its not someone i know”.³

Four minutes later the answer names this subject. The reply reads, in full:

As you like, we can Skype, we’re living together until my departure. Guerman Aliev was the boss, she used to be a full time live-in nanny for his 3 kids in CT.

Three days later the same correspondent writes that “since Guerman is likely to have control over her life she no longer can apply for working for you”.⁸ ⚠ That is a correspondent’s characterisation of this subject’s position, not a documented act by him, and it is reported here as what the correspondent wrote.

On 22 December a different correspondent, on a different subject, names him again. Vincenzo Iozzo, a computer-security specialist who had been corresponding with Epstein since at least 2014 about iOS security, derivatives and a security briefing for Epstein’s staff, wrote at 12:20 that afternoon:

Have you ever heard of this fund http://altpointcapital.com/ or of a guy called Guerman Aliev? Allegedly they are managing russian money?

Epstein replied at 6:03 that evening, in two words: “Only yesterday”.⁴

Five minutes after that, Iozzo wrote back with what he had found. The sheet reads “found out through some googling that it’s Potatin’= money”, and the message carries a link to the Wikipedia article for Vladimir Potanin. ⚠ The word is damaged on the sheet; the bracket-free form is printed above as it stands and the link is what supplies the referent.⁴ ⚠⚠ This is Iozzo’s account of his own web searching, offered as such, and the page adopts neither the “russian money” characterisation nor the attribution to Potanin.

The sequence, and the question it raises

Epstein wrote “Only yesterday” on 22 December, which places his first knowledge on 21 December. The name had been put to him in his own correspondence on 17 December, in answer to a question he had himself asked four minutes earlier.³⁴

⚠ The sequence raises the question of what Epstein took himself to be answering. He may have been answering only about the fund; he may not have connected the name; the two-word reply does not say. No document read for this page resolves it, and the page records the dates rather than an explanation.

January 2018: the appointment

The release records why the meeting was sought, and it was sought by a third party. At 15:37 UTC on 25 January 2018, Jeremy Rubin wrote jointly to Gerald Banks and to Epstein under the subject “Intro Gerald <> Jeffrey”:

Hi Jeffrey,

As noted, I wanted to intro you to Gerald Banks at Altpoint Capital. I’m working with Gerald on the crypto volatility fund and exchange project I mentioned.

Perhaps you can arrange to meet in NYC next week to discuss and learn more.

Epstein forwarded it to Lesley Groff five minutes later, and she wrote to Banks an hour and a half after that: “Hello Gerald. Might you be available to come see Jeffrey Epstein at his home in NY on Monday Jan. 29th at 4:30pm?”⁹¹⁰

⚠ “As noted” and “the project I mentioned” both point backwards, so the matter had been raised with Epstein before this message, and no sheet read for this page carries that earlier raising. The introduction is Rubin’s act and not this subject’s; what it establishes about him is that he was introduced as a principal of Altpoint Capital in connection with a named business project.

Epstein’s schedule for Monday 29 January 2018 carries one line for this subject. Lesley Groff’s schedule message to Epstein, sent at 03:22 UTC that morning, reads: “4:30pm Appt w/Gerald Banks w/Altpoint Capital (friend of Jeremy Rubin)”.⁵

The appointment had been confirmed four days earlier. A “Schedule Update” sent on the evening of 25 January reports: “-Gerald Banks, friend of Jeremy Rubin, is confirmed to come see you at 4:30m on Monday Jan. 29th”. ⚠ “4:30m” is what the sheet prints, and no character is supplied.⁵

The arrangement runs through the morning of the 29th and is in the release from both ends. On 25 January at 7:49 PM Gerald Banks writes “Okay, great, see you on Monday.” On the morning of the 29th Epstein’s office writes “Good morning Gerald. Could we please scoot your appt today to 4:45pm with Jeffrey?”, and he answers “No problem, I will be there at 4:45 PM.” He then writes again: “just wanted to mention, if Jeffrey is free to meet even later, around 6:30 PM, that would work for me also. Just putting it out there, otherwise will see you at 4:45 PM”. The office replies “6:30 unfortunately wont work, but he could do 5:30pm if that is better for you!”, and at 9:42 AM he closes it: “Let’s do that, 5:30 PM is perfect. See you then.” The office answers “done! thanks”.⁵

⚠⚠ An arrangement is not an occurrence. Every sheet quoted above was written before the appointment time. No document read for this page records the meeting taking place, or what was discussed if it did.

⚠ The schedule’s parenthesis is the document’s own, and the page reports it without characterising the person it names.

The bank’s own list

Nine months before any of the above, Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC appears in the same Deutsche Bank client-review population as Epstein’s entities. It does not appear beside them in any sense that carries information, and an earlier version of this page said it did. The grid’s last column is headed Customer Owner, and the table is sorted by that column first and by client name alphabetically within each owner’s block. Epstein’s rows all carry the owner Stewart Oldfield and the review date 3/16/2017; the Altpoint row carries a different owner and 3/10/2017, and the rows after it are that same other owner’s. The alphabet restarts at A exactly where the owner changes: Epstein’s block ends at The 2007 Jeffrey E. Epstein Insurance Trust #3 and the next block opens at Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC. The rows touch because a spreadsheet sort put them there, and that is the whole of the adjacency. The table lists, in consecutive rows, Butterfly Trust, HBRK Associates, Hyperion Air, JEGE, Neptune, NES, Plan D, Southern Financial, Southern Trust Company and **The 2007 Jeffrey E. Epstein Insurance Trust 3, and then Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC, reviewed 10 March 2017, with the note:

They are part of the small accounts exit project.. we are planning to close their accounts

The review was circulated inside Deutsche Bank Wealth Management for managing-director approval on 7 April 2017 under the subject line “MD approval for ACUs completed for High Risk Clients”.⁶ ⚠ The table is footed “CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)” and carries Deutsche Bank and SDNY production stamps; it is in the public release and is cited as produced.

⚠⚠ The sheet names the firm and no individual associated with it. That Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC is this subject’s firm rests on the reporting cited above, not on this document. ⚠ Appearing on the same review list is not a relationship between the clients, and the page asserts none. What the document establishes is that the two account families were in the same bank, in the same high-risk review population, at the same time.

Ford Models, and the California action

He was chief executive of Ford Models, Inc., on the face of the California appellate report. On Hettena’s account Stone Tower Equity Partners acquired the agency in 2007 and the firm was renamed Altpoint Capital Partners in 2009.¹²

In January 2021 a plaintiff suing under a pseudonym filed a civil action in California against Ford Models, the photographer Jordan Doner, and Gerald Banks. The complaint pleads two causes of action: California Civil Code section 52.5, which provides relief for human trafficking, and the Unfair Competition Law. ⚠ The complaint alleges that in February 2017 Banks, then Ford’s chief executive, flew a private aircraft to London carrying the plaintiff, another model and Doner, on the stated footing of a shooting session; that on arrival the plaintiff realised no photo shoot was in prospect; and that Banks and Doner placed her “in fear for her well-being, dependent on Defendants and under their physical and psychological control and demands for personal gratification” and put her “in fear of being trafficked”. She made her own arrangements to return to Los Angeles.²

The litigation reached the Court of Appeal on arbitration, and on nothing else. Judge Craig D. Karlan of the Los Angeles Superior Court denied Ford Models’ motion to compel arbitration on 28 January 2022, holding that the “Court simply cannot conclude that sexual misconduct and/or human trafficking arises from an agreement to model”, and denied a like motion by Banks on 22 August 2022. On 3 August 2023 the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, affirmed the denial as to Ford Models in an unpublished opinion in Doe v. Ford Models, No. B318923, on the narrow ground that Ford had forfeited its only appellate argument by relying solely on California law below. A further unpublished opinion, Banks v. Doe, No. B323543, was filed on 29 October 2024. ⚠ Its disposition is not stated here: the opinion’s text was not read for this page.²

⚠⚠ None of this is a finding against him. The allegations are pleadings. The rulings decided a question about an arbitration clause. No document read for this page records any finding of liability, any criminal charge, or any connection between these allegations and Jeffrey Epstein.

Sanctions: what the lists show and what they do not

Neither Guerman Aliev nor Gerald T. Banks appears on the United States Specially Designated Nationals list, its alternate-names list, the United Kingdom sanctions list, or the European Union consolidated list, each read in full for this page on 26 September 2026.⁷

Vladimir Olegovich Potanin is designated, under the United States Russia programme established by Executive Order 14024, as are members of his family and entities associated with Interros. ⚠ That is a fact about Potanin. The release records only that a correspondent told Epstein, on the basis of his own web searching, that the money behind the fund was Potanin’s.⁴⁷

What this page does not carry

No document read for this page records a meeting between this subject and Jeffrey Epstein, any payment, any investment, any travel together, any shared entity, or any correspondence between them in either direction. Every document quoted above is a third party writing to Epstein about him, or Epstein’s office writing to him about a calendar.

No document read for this page names him in a flight manifest, a deposition, an FBI report, a plea agreement or a legal filing in the Epstein matters.

⚠ No document read for this page records the change of name, and none carries both names together.

Related

• Jeffrey Epstein
• Lesley Groff: Epstein’s assistant, who circulated the January 2018 schedule
• Deutsche Bank: the bank whose high-risk client-review population included both his firm and Epstein’s entities, under different bankers

Footnotes

Footnotes

1. The two names, and the business background. ⚠ None of this is established by the release and the page does not present it as such. ⚠⚠ The strongest of these is not a journalist’s assertion but an attribution to the firm’s own spokesman, and it is a different evidentiary tier from the rest. Doug Donovan, “Maryland senators ask Treasury panel to investigate Russian oligarch’s ties to state election contractor”, The Baltimore Sun, 7 August 2018, fetched and read by the desk: “Altpoint’s managing partner, Gerald T. Banks, is a Russian millionaire who changed his name from Guerman Aliev.” The sentence that follows attributes the change of name, and its date, to Altpoint’s own spokesman: “Banks changed his name five years ago and is a U.S. citizen, Tilitz said.” So the identification of the two names is not only reported about him; it is, on that account, confirmed on the record by his own firm — which is why this page states the identification while continuing to record that no document in the release carries both names. The same report gives the SEC filing listing Potanin as a “majority owner” of a fund reporting $1.04 billion in regulatory assets under management, and states that officials had no evidence either man had done anything untoward. Ann Costantino, “Did You Know Russians Can Help Run US Elections, Legally?”, WhoWhatWhy, 17 October 2018: “Russian-born Guerman Aliev changed his name to Gerald T. Banks and is now an American citizen”, in a report on the ownership of a Maryland election-systems contractor, which also states that Altpoint Capital Partners “is largely funded by a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, a billionaire oligarch by the name of Vladimir Potanin”. Seth Hettena, “A Russian Oligarch is Investing in U.S. Companies. Should We Be Worried?”, 5 June 2019: Potanin “began quietly investing in the U.S. businesses in 2006 via Stone Tower Equity Partners LLC, a New York private equity fund”; after the 2008 crisis “Guerman Aliev, a Russian who worked for Interros was dispatched in the United States to take over his boss’ investments in Stone Tower”; Aliev “renamed himself as Gerald T. Banks”; and “Stone Tower acquired Ford Models in 2007.” Hettena also quotes a 2015 deposition of the subject, “We buy and sell controlling and non-controlling positions in companies”; the deposition itself was not read for this page and is cited here only as Hettena reports it. ⚠⚠ Both are journalism and neither is a primary record. The strongest evidence of the identity is the court record at ², which describes the defendant as “Gerald Banks (also known as Guerman Aliev)”. ⚠ The description “oligarch” is Costantino’s, applied to Potanin and not to this subject, and the page does not adopt it for anyone. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

2. Ford Models and the California civil action. “C.A. Affirms Arbitration Denial but Won’t Address Assault on One of Judge’s Reasons”, Metropolitan News-Enterprise, Los Angeles, 7 August 2023, reporting the Court of Appeal’s unpublished opinion in Doe v. Ford Models, No. B318923, and the Los Angeles Superior Court orders underlying it. The report states that Judge Craig D. Karlan “on Jan. 28, 2022, denied a motion to compel arbitration brought by defendant Ford Models, Inc. (FMI), an outfit based in New York” and that “On Aug. 22, 2022, he denied a like motion by defendant Gerald Banks (also known as Guerman Aliev), whose separate appeal is pending.” It records that “In February 2017, Banks, at that time Ford’s CEO, piloted a private plane to London, with the plaintiff, identified as Jane Doe, aboard”, that also aboard were “another model and defendant Jordan Doner, a photographer, friend and/or business partner specially employed by FMI”, that “once in London, Doe realized that no photo shoot was in the works”, and that the pleading alleges the two defendants “placed her in fear for her well-being, dependent on Defendants and under their physical and psychological control and demands for personal gratification” and “had put her in fear of being trafficked”, after which “She made her own arrangements to return to Los Angeles.” The causes of action are Civil Code section 52.5 and the Unfair Competition Law. Karlan’s first ground is quoted in the report: “The Court simply cannot conclude that sexual misconduct and/or human trafficking arises from an agreement to model.” The appellate ground is forfeiture: “The fatal problem for Ford, however, is that it never cited the FAA or urged its applicability in the trial court.” ⚠⚠ These are allegations in a complaint, reported by a legal newspaper. No finding of liability is recorded anywhere read for this page, and the appellate decision resolved an arbitration question only. ⚠ The plaintiff sues under a pseudonym. A later unpublished opinion, Banks v. Doe, No. B323543, Court of Appeal of California, Second Appellate District, was filed 29 October 2024; its text was not obtained and its disposition is not stated on this page. ⚠ The 2007 acquisition of a Ford Models stake by Stone Tower is from Hettena at ¹, not from any court record. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶

3. 17 December 2017, and the four minutes. EFTA00922115 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi. The sheet carries a message headed Date: Mon, 18 Dec 2017 03:34:25 +0000, which is 22:34 on 17 December in New York, opening “As you like, we can Skype, we’re living together until my departure.” and continuing “Guerman Aliev was the boss, she used to be a full time live-in nanny for his 3 kids in CT.” Quoted immediately below it on the same sheet is Epstein’s message of 22:30 the same evening: “im in florida until the 6th. can skype . can you tell me the patron. need to know its not someone i know”. The interval between the two is four minutes and is taken from the timestamps the sheet itself prints. ⚠ The correspondent’s identity is covered by the producer on this sheet and is not supplied. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

4. 22 December 2017: the Altpoint exchange, three sheets. The question: EFTA01001064 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, from Vincenzo Iozzo, subject altpoint capital, Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2017 17:20:53 +0000, reading in full “Have you ever heard of this fund http://altpointcapital.com/ or of a guy called Guerman Aliev? Allegedly they are managing russian money?” This sheet carries the sentence clean and is cited for the wording for that reason. Epstein’s reply: EFTA02596238 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, Sent: Friday, December 22, 2017 6:03 PM, subject Re: altpoint capital, body “Only yesterday”. Iozzo’s follow-up: EFTA02594699 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, Sent: Friday, December 22, 2017 6:08 PM, opening “found out through some googling that it’s Potatin’= money” followed by a link to the Wikipedia article Vladimir_Potanin. ⚠⚠ TEXT FIDELITY: the last two sheets carry quoted-printable transmission damage, printing altpointcapital.c=m/ and russi=n money where the first sheet prints them whole, and printing Potatin'= where the sender’s intended word is not recoverable from the sheet. The damaged forms are quoted as they stand, no character is supplied, and nothing else is repaired. ⚠ The 12:20 PM and 6:03 PM clock times are the Outlook rendering of the same messages the first sheet timestamps in UTC, and they agree. His correspondence with Epstein from 2014 onward, on iOS security, on a shorting argument, on prediction markets and on a security briefing for Epstein’s staff, is at EFTA01915918 p. 1, EFTA01919420 p. 1 and EFTA02047143 p. 1, text layer. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵ ↩⁶

5. 25 to 29 January 2018: the appointment. The schedule entry: EFTA00467740 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, from Lesley Groff to Epstein, Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 03:22:28 +0000, subject Mon Jan. 29, 2018, carrying “4:30pm Appt w/Gerald Banks w/Altpoint Capital (friend of Jeremy Rubin)”. The confirmation four days earlier: EFTA00468111 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2018 23:30:07 +0000, subject Schedule Update, whose opening list carries “-Gerald Banks, friend of Jeremy Rubin, is confirmed to come see you at 4:30m on Monday Jan. 29th” and whose Monday entry repeats “4:30pm Appt w/Gerald Banks w/Altpoint Capital (friend of Jeremy Rubin)”. ⚠ TEXT FIDELITY: the sheet prints “4:30m” in the confirmation line and the page reproduces it unrepaired. ⚠ The 29 January sheet was read at the image because its extraction is damaged at the decisive word, rendering the entry 4:30pm Appt w/Gerald Banks w/Altpoint Capital (friend of 'Jeremy Rubin) with a stray mark the sheet does not carry. The arrangement itself: EFTA02236942 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, Sent: Mon 1/29/2018 2:45:48 PM, subject Re: Jeffrey Epstein, which carries the whole chain in one quoted run: 25 January 7:49 PM, Gerald Banks, “Okay, great, see you on Monday.”; 29 January 7:50 AM, “Good morning Gerald. Could we please scoot your appt today to 4:45pm with Jeffrey?”; 8:08 AM, GB Altpoint, “No problem, I will be there at 4:45 PM.”; 9:36 AM, “just wanted to mention, if Jeffrey is free to meet even later, around 6:30 PM, that would work for me also. Just putting it out there, otherwise will see you at 4:45 PM”; 9:39 AM, “6:30 unfortunately wont work, but he could do 5:30pm if that is better for you!”; 9:42 AM, “Let’s do that, 5:30 PM is perfect. See you then.”; and the reply “done! thanks”. ⚠ The office side of the exchange is attributed here as Epstein’s office and not to a named person: the sender’s name is covered on the sheet cited, and no name is supplied from any other source. ⚠⚠ Every one of these messages was written before the appointment time. The release records an arrangement and a confirmation, not an occurrence. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴ ↩⁵

6. The Deutsche Bank client review, 10 March and 7 April 2017. The table: EFTA01382228 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, a single sheet of a client-review grid, footed “CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)” and carrying Deutsche Bank and SDNY production stamps. The row reads Altpoint Capital Partners, LLC, reviewed 3/10/2017, with the note “They are part of the small accounts exit project.. we are planning to close their accounts” and a second column reading “There are no changes to clients employment status, health or primary residence.” ⚠ The row pairing is read from the ruled grid on the image and not from a text extraction, because the columns of a table like this extract as separate vertical runs and position pairs nothing. The rows immediately above it on the same sheet are Southern Trust Company, Inc. and The 2007 Jeffrey E. Epstein Insurance Trust #3, and above those Southern Financial LLC, Plan D, LLC, NES, LLC, Neptune, LLC, JEGE, Inc, JEGE, LLC, Hyperion Air, LLC, HBRK Associates, Inc and Butterfly Trust. The transmitting message: EFTA01398793 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi, Deutsche Bank Wealth Management, Date: Fri, 07 Apr 2017, subject “MD approval for ACUs completed for High Risk Clients [I]”, classified “For internal use only”, seeking and then recording approval of “the below High Risk ACus which were completed”. ⚠ The sheet names the firm and no individual associated with it; the identification of the firm as this subject’s rests on ¹ and not on this document. ⚠ Other clients and other bank staff appear on the same sheet and are not reported here. ↩ ↩²

7. The sanctions question, answered by reading the lists. ⚠ This is a negative and it is recorded with its grounds. Three consolidated lists were downloaded in full and read on 26 September 2026: the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control Specially Designated Nationals list and its separate alternate-names list, the United Kingdom sanctions list published by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and the European Union consolidated financial sanctions list. Neither name occurs as a designation on any of the three. ⚠ The near-matches are other people and are named here so that no reader conflates them: the OFAC list designates Murat Magomedovich Aliev under the Russia programme; the UK list designates German Khan, written Guerman Khan, of LetterOne; the EU list designates Guerman Goutorov of Streit Group. None is this subject. Vladimir Olegovich Potanin is designated by OFAC under Executive Order 14024, together with family members and entities associated with Interros. ⚠ Each list is a document and was read as one; the statement above is a claim about those four documents on that date and about nothing else. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

8. 20 December 2017. EFTA01014394 p. 1, read at the image at 400 dpi. In a message timed 07:07 that morning the same correspondent writes, of the same third party, “since Guerman is likely to have control over her life she no longer can apply for working for you”. ⚠ This is quoted because it is a statement about this page’s subject, and nothing else from the message is reproduced. ↩

9. E-mail, Jeremy Rubin to Gerald Banks and to Epstein, subject “Intro Gerald <> Jeffrey”. Epstein’s forward of it to Lesley Groff is EFTA02235703 p.1, the whole run, rendered and read at the image at 400 dpi for this pass. The body quoted above is on that sheet and is clean: it prints “Altpoint Capital” and “learn more”, where the corpus extraction renders them “Ailpoint” and “ream”. Those two are extraction faults and are not reproduced. Four address values are barred, and a block below the sign-off is barred. ⚠ The two copies disagree on the clock and neither figure is New York time. The outer Outlook header prints Thur 1/25/2018 3:42:55 PM and the forwarded Gmail line prints Thu, Jan 25, 2018 at 4:37 PM, an hour apart. Outlook Sent: fields in this production render UTC, so the introduction is 15:37 and the forward 15:42:55; no conversion is asserted beyond that and the disagreement is recorded rather than resolved. ⚠ A second copy, EFTA02535241 p.1, was also read at the image and carries the header and the sign-off only: between “Hi Jeffrey,” and “Best,” the sheet is blank, with no bar and no text. It is not cited for the body, because it does not carry it. ↩

10. E-mail, Lesley Groff to Gerald Banks, Subject “Jeffrey Epstein”, Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2018 17:15:32 +0000. EFTA00468068 p.1, the whole run. Text layer, not rendered. It is a standalone sheet at the head of its thread, not text quoted inside a later reply. The sender and recipient address values are barred. The four-line body is quoted above in part; its remaining lines invite him to suggest another time and sign off “Lesley / Assistant to Jeffrey Epstein”. ↩