In re: TERRORIST ATTACKS ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001., 2012 WL 257568 (2012) Statement Of Facts os cssesssssessssneescsneesssneesssneesssneesssnecssnsesssnsecssnsecssnsesssnsecssseeccusecsssseccussecsaseessnseessnseersaseersneeranseersnseeransestanss 24 The Origins of al-Qaeda oes eeccescseecsseesssessseeesnsecesecesseesnsecasecessessnscceseccaseesnecsaseceusesssecsnsecaseseasersnseceseceatecsneeseseceaeeeaeesneeeaseesaess 24 The Role of Ostensible Charities in al-Qaeda’s Growth and Development 2.0... cceeeceesseeeeteceeeseteeeneeeeteeeeee 28 Al-Qaeda’s Collaborators in the Financial Industry cee cecsesssseessessseeesneeceseseseeesnseceseceseecsneesnseceseeeaersneeenteseatersneess 42 Al-Qaeda’s Additional Wealthy Financiers ....cscccsssssscssesssssssseesesecesescsseesnsecesescneecsnseceseceaeessnessnsecaseeeasersneeenseeeatereneess 55 Summary Of ArQume nt occ eecceccseecseeesssssssneeseseceseeesneesnsecesescssersnsecaseceaeersnscceseccasessnseseseceaeeeoneesnseceseecaseesnsecaseseaersneeenseceaeerensees 59 Standard Of ROVICW oe. ecssesssseesssseesssneesssneesssneesssneesssneesssnsesssnsesssnsecssnsecssnsesesnsesssseessssecsessecsassessnueersaseensaseetanseersnseetanseetanseeeanss 62 AT SUIMICM eee ecseecsesssecsseessecasecuscsnecsuecsscesscescasecasecnsesnecsueesecesscesscasecasecusesuecsuseseceueesecasecasecnecsuscsueeseeseeesecasecasecneeaneesuerseeeseeeseeasees 63 I. The District Court Improperly Dismissed the Anti-Terrorism Act Claims .....ccccsssessseeteceeesseeereeeeeteeneee 63 A. The ATA Is Construed Broadly and Readily Encompasses Defendants’ Alleged Conduct 0. ee 64 B. The District Court Erred In Finding that Plaintiffs Failed to Plead that Defendants Knowingly or 72 Recklessly Provided Support for Terrorisim 0... ccescssssssssssessseesssesesneesnsecesessscessnsecaseccasessnsceaseceutecsneesnseceseeeaeesneeeaseenaess *ii 1. The District Court Applied an Incorrect, Heightened Standard In Evaluating Plaintiffs’ Pleadings 74 2. The District Court Understated and