constituting a violation of subsection (a) of this section, the Attorney (f) Definitions General may, in his discretion, bring a civil action in an appropri- ate district court of the United States to enjoin such act or practice, For purposes of this section: and upon a proper showing, a permanent injunction or a temporary restraining order shall be granted without bond. (1) The term “person,” when referring to an offender, means any natu- ral person other than a national of the United States (as defined in (2) For the purpose of any civil investigation which, in the opinion of 8 US.C. § 1101) or any corporation, partnership, association, joint- the Attorney General, is necessary and proper to enforce this section, stock company, business trust, unincorporated organization, or sole the Attorney General or his designee are empowered to administer proprietorship organized under the law of a foreign nation or a politi- oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, take evidence, and require cal subdivision thereof the production of any books, papers, or other documents which the Attorney General deems relevant or material to such investigation. (2)(A) The term “foreign official” means any officer or employee of ‘The attendance of witnesses and the production of documentary evi- a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality dence may be required from any place in the United States, or any thereof, or of a public international organization, or any person act- territory, possession, or commonwealth of the United States, at any ing in an official capacity for or on behalf of any such government or designated place of hearing. department, agency, or instrumentality, or for or on behalf of any such public international organization. (3) In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Attorney General may invoke the aid of any court of For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “public international the United States within