Or Phase 3 review of the United States, which was completed in October 2010, the Working Group commended US. apter efforts to fight transnational bribery and highlighted a Introduction number of best practices developed by the United States. The report also noted areas where the United States’ anti- bribery efforts could be improved, including consolidat- ing publicly available information on the application of The [ACAC requires parties (of which the United States the FCPA and enhancing awareness among small- and is one) to criminalize both foreign and domestic brib- medium-sized companies about the prevention and detec- ery. A body known as the Mechanism for Follow-Up on tion of foreign bribery. This guide is, in part, a response to the Implementation of the Inter-American Convention these Phase 3 recommendations and is intended to help Against Corruption (MESICIC) monitors parties’ compli- businesses and individuals better understand the FCPA.*’ ance with the IACAC. As of November 1, 2012, 31 coun- tries were parties to MESICIC. U.N. Convention Against Corruption The Council of Europe established the Group of The United States is a state party to the United States Against Corruption (GRECO) in 1999 to monitor Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), countries’ compliance with the Council of Europe’s anti- which was adopted by the UN. General Assembly on corruption standards, including the Council of Europe’s October 31, 2003, and entered into force on December Criminal Law Convention on Corruption.” These stan- 14, 2005." The United States ratified the UNCAC on dards include prohibitions on the solicitation and receipt of October 30, 2006. The UNCAC requires parties to crimi- bribes, as well as foreign bribery. As of November 1, 2012, nalize a wide range of corrupt acts, including domestic and GRECO member states, which need not be members of foreign bribery and related offenses such as money launder- the Council of Europe, include more than 45 European i