CONTENTS Crepe SINT ROR: 0 o4 oe me a The Costs of Corruption... 2... ee Historical Background... 2... 2 8 National Landscape: Interagency Efforts... 2.2... 2. ee A Departmentof Justice: ss qs Gas HS HEH ER ERG RE EMS WERE RS HER ER ER AS SEB EwR ews we we 4 Securities and Exchange Commission... 2... ee ee ee A Law Enforcement Partners. 2... ee DD Departments of Commerce and State... 2... ee DD International Landscape: Global Anti-Corruption Efforts... 2... 0.020.000.0000 ee ee ee OECD Working Group on Bribery and the Anti-Bribery Convention... 2... . 2... ee ee ee A U.N. Convention Against Corruption... 6 ee 8B Other Anti-Corruption Conventions. . 2... ee ee ee eB Chapter 2: THE FCPA: ANTI-BRIBERY PROVISIONS .................... 10 Who Is Covered by the Anti-Bribery Provisions?.... 2.2.2... 00.000 ee ee ee ee 10 Issuers—15 U.S.C. § 78dd-1. 0 0 ee ee ee ee ee 10 Domestic Concerns—15 U.S.C. § 78dd-2. 2. 2 ee ee ee TM Territorial Jurisdiction—15 U.S.C. § 78dd-3. 2... eee ee TM What Jurisdictional Conduct Triggers the Anti-Bribery Provisions?............-...000000+000-2.11 What Is Covered?—The Business Purpose Test... 2.2... 0. ee ee 12 What Does "Corruptly” Mean?.. 2.2... 2 ee ee ee 14 What Does "Willfully’ Mean and When Does It Apply? ..............-..2 000002 eee ee eee ee 14 What Does “Anything of Value” Mean?... 2... 2. ee eee ee 14 Gash: esses 88 HEME HEHSE MEMES EME MEE EE LEWES EME Sew ees oe ee wewsweeee IS Gifts, Travel, Entertainment, and Other Things of Value... 1. ee ee ee TS Charitable Contributions ;«i6: mses Hee ER ER ORE SESE EHS HER ER ES HG Ewe we ws ws w 16 Who Is a Foreign Official?. . 2... ee 19 Department, Agency, or Instrumentality of a Foreign Government... ........ 00.0000. 0 + ee eee ee » 20 Public International Organizations... 2... ee ee ee 21 How Are Payments to Third Parties Treated? .. 2... 2... ee 21 What Affirmative Defenses Are Available?.. 2... 2... BB The Local Law Defense .. 1... eee ee 2B Reasonable and Bona Fide Expenditures... 2