fame. People whose names did not appear in the cohorts for the time periods in question (1925-1933, 1933-1945, and 1955-1965) were eliminated from the analysis. The cohorts we generated were based on four major sources, and their content is given in Appendix. 1) The Hermann lists The lists of the infamous librarian Wolfgang Hermann were originally published in a librarianship journal and later in Boersenblatt, a publishing industry magazine in Germany. They are reproduced in Ref $11. A digital version is available on the German-language version of Wikipedia (Ref S12). We considered digitizing Ref $10 by hand to ensure accuracy, but felt that both OCR and manual entry would be time- consuming and error prone. Consequently, we began with the list available on Wikipedia and hired a manual annotator to compare this list with the version appearing in Ref $11 to ensure the accuracy of the resulting list. The annotator did not have access to our data and made these decisions purely on the basis of the text of Ref $11. The following changes were made: Literature 1) “Fjodor Panfjorow’ was changed to “Fjodor Panferov”. 2) “Nelly Sachs” was deleted. History 1) “Hegemann W. Ellwald, Fr. v.” was changed to “W. Hegemann” and “Fr. Von Hellwald” Art 4) “Paul Stefan” was deleted. Philosophy/Religion 1) “Max Nitsche” was deleted. The results of this manual correction process were used as our lists for Politics, Literature, Literary History, History, Art-related Writers, and Philosophy/Religion. 2) The Berlin list The lists of Hermann continued to be expanded by the Nazi regime. We also analyzed a version from 1938 (Ref $13). This version was digitized by the City of Berlin to mark the 75" year after the book burnings in 2008 (Ref S14). The list of authors appearing on the website occasionally included multiple authors on a single line, or errors in which the author field did not actually contain the name of a person who wrote the text. These were corrected by hand to create an init