“In the Future, Everyone Will Be World Famous for 7.5 Science is a poor route to fame. Physicists and biologists Minutes” —Whatshisname eventually reached a similar level of fame as actors (1x10), People, too, rise to prominence, only to be forgotten (22). but it took them far longer. Alas, even at their peak, Fame can be tracked by measuring the frequency of a mathematicians tend not to be appreciated by the public erson’s name (Fig. . We compared the rise to fame of the x10”). p : Fig. 3C). W pared the ri fi f th 2x10° most famous people of different eras. We took all 740,000 Detecting Censorship and Suppression people with CHORES tit Wikipedia, Temieved Gases Wiiete Suppression — of a person, or an idea — leaves quantifiable Keven famous individuals share a name, and sorted the rest fingerprints, (25). For instance, Nazi censorship of the Jewish by-bicthdate and Thequeney (22), Eor every yeat from, LEON artist Mare Chagall is evident by comparing the frequency of 1950, we constructed a cohort consisting of the fifty most “Mare Chagall” in English and in German books (Fig.4A). In irmous people bert m ma Seats Ear example, abe 1882 . both languages, there is a rapid ascent starting in the late cohort includes Virginia Woolf’ and “Felix Frankfurter ; the 1910s (when Chagall was in his early 30s). In English, the 1946 cohort includes “Bill Clinton” and “Steven Spielberg.” ascent continues, But in German, the artist’s popularity We plotted the median frequency for the names in each decreases, reaching a nadir from 1936-1944, when his full sohert aver time (Fig. 3D-E). The resulting traj ectories were name appears only once. (In contrast, from 1946-1954, “Mare all similar. Each cohort had a pre-celebrity period ( median Chagall” appears nearly 100 times in the German corpus.) o 9 . . : " frequency S10"), eoernietl by a tapi Se 1G a 2 Such examples are found in many countries, mcluding Russia 5 peak, and a slow decline. We therefore characterized each (e.g. Trotsky), Ch