Free Will 349 Let us say the Mars particle chooses its answer because of an external influence. Its Hubble twin must choose the same answer. There is no problem with this because the Hubble particle could have made its decision before the Mars particle, so the decision was not predetermined. But in another frame of reference the choice is made in the opposite sequence. The Hubble particle chooses after the Mars particle. This is predetermination and it breaks the Kochen-Specker theorem. You can reverse the whole analysis and see the same problem from the other point of view. There is a paradox here however you look at it. The only solution to the paradox is that both particles make their choice without any information from an outside source; particles have free will. This means at least one new piece of information spontaneously appears in the Universe — a ‘bit’ of free will, so to speak. You might think there is a problem because the first particle affects its twin, even if the second did not receive any outside influence. This would result in the Kochen-Specker paradox reemerging. There is a neat way out of this; time has no meaning for the particles. Or, I should say, relative time has no meaning and, therefore, has no effect. There is no concept of before or after between the particles. They live in a little bubble of space-time where the order of events has no meaning. The particles make their free choice together within this safe bubble, and the paradox is avoided. When we come to measure them, we see they both made a random decision together, but if we ask which made it first, the question has no meaning. There is no clock valid for both particles, so there is no possible answer to the question. Conway and Kochen have proven sub-atomic particles have free will — or at least entangled bosons do. At this point, their argument becomes a philosophical one. They propose that these particles pass on this free will to larger entities in the Universe and ultima