Understanding 55 morality emerged, a different structure to society. Of course all the other parts of society remained the same. People paid their taxes and went about their lives normally; only the traffic behavior was affected. Afghanistan has had most of its social structures removed over the last forty or so years. First the Soviets, and then the Taliban, took apart much of the fabric until finally the Allied Forces swept the Taliban out, leaving very little behind. There were no police or courts, and few laws — or at least none enforced by the rule of law. The Allied Forces have spent a decade rebuilding these structures. Before we examine Masters’ presentation, let’s look at the daily life of an Afghan farmer. If you are an Afghan farmer you have a dilemma. Your most reliable crop is opium. It grows well in the arid soil, does not require irrigation, and is resistant to most pests. For this crop there is a financial infrastructure to rival the Chicago Commodities Exchange. You get interest free loans secured against the crop, and you can forward sell your product on a futures market. Your investors can ‘add value’ by dealing with the major pest — the US military. They do this through the simple expedience of taking pot shots at them if they get too close to the crop. Since a field of opium is worth $30,000 and a militia wage for the year is $350, you can easily employ a few men to protect your investment. Of course, you are indebted to thugs and criminals, but they are at least reliable thugs and criminals. On the other hand, the traditional products of the Himalayas - walnuts, pomegranates and vines — need years to cultivate. There is no forward market and the timescales over which you must take risks are far greater. If you believe your American protectors will leave before the crops mature, you will be loath to plant and care for them. But, if you make the decision to take this risk, you have a strong incentive to foster stability and reap the rewards o