2.3 Further Characterizations of Humanlike Intelligence 25 psychologists. As part of the AGI Roadmap project, specific tasks were created corresponding to each of the sub-areas in the above list; we will describe some of these tasks in Chapter 17. 2.3.2 Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences The diverse list of human-level “competencies” given above is reminiscent of Gardner’s [Gar99]| multiple intelligences (MI) framework — a psychological approach to intelligence assessment based on the idea that different people have mental strengths in different high-level domains, so that intelligence tests should contain aspects that focus on each of these domains separately. MI does not contradict the “complex goals in complex environments” view of intelligence, but rather may be interpreted as making specific commitments regarding which complex tasks and which complex environments are most important for roughly human-like intelligence. MI does not seek an extreme generality, in the sense that it explicitly focuses on domains in which humans have strong innate capability as well as general-intelligence capability; there could easily be non-human intelligences that would exceed humans according to both the com- monsense human notion of “general intelligence” and the generic “complex goals in complex environments” or Hutter /Legg-style definitions, yet would not equal humans on the MI crite- ria. This strong anthropocentrism of MI is not a problem from an AGI perspective so long as one uses MI in an appropriate way, i.e. only for assessing the extent to which an AGI system displays specifically human-like general intelligence. This restrictiveness is the price one pays for having an easily articulable and relatively easily implementable evaluation framework. Table ?? summarizes the types of intelligence included in Gardner’s MI theory. Intelligence Type ~Aspects .§ ©. Linguistic Words and language, written and spoken; retention, inter- pretation and explanation of idea