20 2 What Is Human-Like General Intelligence? [Goel0c]. A general intelligence is then understood as one that can do this for a variety of complex goals in a variety of complex environments. However, apart from positing definitions, it is difficult to say anything nontrivial about gen- eral intelligence in general. Marcus Hutter [Hut05] has demonstrated, using a characterization of general intelligence similar to the one above, that a very simple algorithm called AIXI” can demonstrate arbitrarily high levels of general intelligence, if given sufficiently immense com- putational resources. This is interesting because it shows that (if we assume the universe can effectively be modeled as a computational system) general intelligence is basically a problem of computational efficiency. The particular structures and dynamics that characterize real-world general intelligences like humans arise because of the need to achieve reasonable levels of intel- ligence using modest space and time resources. The “patternist” theory of mind presented in [GoeQ6a] and briefly summarized in Chap- ter 3 below presents a number of emergent structures and dynamics that are hypothesized to characterize pragmatic general intelligence, including such things as system-wide hierarchical and heterarchical knowledge networks, and a dynamic and self-maintaining self#model. Much of the thinking underlying CogPrime has centered on how to make multiple learning components combine to give rise to these emergent structures and dynamics. 2.1.2 What Is Human-like General Intelligence? General principles like “complex goals in complex environments” and patternism are not suf ficient to specify the nature of human-like general intelligence. Due to the harsh reality of computational resource restrictions, real-world general intelligences are necessarily biased to particular classes of environments. Human intelligence is biased toward the physical, social and linguistic environments in which humanity evol