Endnotes: Prologue. Evilution Recommended books: There are numerous books about evil, most written by philosophers, theologians, historians, political scientists, and legal scholars. The following recommendations are for books about evil written by scientists. They are terrific, I have learned a great deal from them, and some of their ideas powerfully enrich the pages between these covers. Baumeister, R. F. (1999). Evil. Inside human violence and cruelty. New York, W.H. Freeman. Baron-Cohen, S. (2011). The Science of Evil. New York, Basic Books. Oakley, B. (2007). Mean Genes. New York, Prometheus Books. Staub, E. (2010). Overcoming Evil. New York, Oxford University Press. Stone, M. H. (2009). The Anatomy of Evil. New York, Prometheus Books. Zimbardo, P. (2007). The Lucifer Effect. New York, Random House. Notes: * For a philosophical account of the nature of goodness that treats evil as a deviation from our species’ repertoire, see Philippa Foot Natural Goodness (2001, Oxford, Clarendon Press). * For an explicit, philosophical argument for the connection between pleasure and evil, see Colin McGinn‘s Ethics, Evil and Fiction (1997, Oxford, Oxford University Press). For a comprehensive discussion of evil by a philosopher, including important critiques of the existing literature, see John Kekes’ The Roots of Evil (2007, Ithaca, Cornell University Press) * On killing throughout history: Wrangham, R.W. & Glowacki, L. (in press). Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and war in nomadic hunter-gatherers: evaluating the chimpanzee model. Human Nature; Bowles, S. (2009). Did warfare among ancestral hunter-gatherers affect the evolution of human social behaviors? Science, 324, 1293-1298; Choi, J.-K., & Bowles, S. (2007). The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science, 318, 636-640; Grossman, D. (1995). On killing: the psychological costs of learning to kill in war and society. New York, NY: Little, Brown. * For asummary of research on desire, especially the e