KEsu Origins February 24 — 26, 2017 PROJECT An Origins Project Scientific Workshop ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Envisioning and Addressing Adverse Outcomes these data sources, the phenomenal success of Al-consult systems leads to strong public and policy support for widespread access. By 2030, Al-consult systems also have similar access to individual healthcare provider data. This was slower in developing as there was resistance to healthcare providers’ personal data being used by Al- consult systems. However, a number of landmark legal cases demonstrated that, by analyzing the physical and mental state of healthcare providers, together with their competence history, healthcare provider decisions that led to serious harm to patients — including death in some cases — could have been avoided. As a consequence, new laws were put in place to ensure that all relevant data were accessible to Al-Consult systems. These laws ensure that Al-consult data access is mandatory, and it is illegal to obstruct access in any way. As a result, by 2030, Al-consult systems are capable of identifying treatment strategies and interventions that far surpass those of human healthcare providers in their responsiveness and effectiveness. They are also highly successful in developing and recommending lifestyle approaches that substantially increase health and well-being, and reduce the burden of disease within society. As Al-consult advanced, the decision pathways they used became increasingly opaque — experts were unable to see or understand how decisions were made. But because there was strong evidence that the decisions were, on balance, highly effective in increasing health outcomes, there was little objection to this lack of transparency. There were a handful of legal cases where patients died asa result of decisions made by Al-consult systems. However, in each case, the courts ruled that the benefits to humanity far outweighed the risks to individuals,