12Ro7:2 to the impact of potentially higher income taxes on their giving goals. Over about 15 years, the same chari- table gift could be halved if it's subject to income taxes I lowever, few are willing to make an absolute transfer to charity (or a charitable remainder trust) today to reduce that burden. The solution could be a PPVA. PPVAs allow charitably inclined individuals to main- tain full ownership and broader investment options for earmarked assets throughout their lifetime, while defer- ring the income taxation of investment gains on those assets. A client can make deposits or take withdrawals (for personal consumption or charitable gifting), adjust the asset allocation and/or change the beneficiary desig- nation at any time. The net result, if the PPVA investment account is left to charities or foundations, is that all the assets pass undiminished by income and estate taxes. "Optimizing Charitable Gifts,* this page, shows the values passing to charity for an initial allocation of 55 million in a PPVA versus a taxable account. Simply by changing the location of the assets from a taxable account to a PPVA investment account, the family can multiply their potential charitable legacy assets (or substantially reduce the wealth needed to fund a specific large gift). In addition, many public charities give donor recognition credit for PPVA investment account beneficiary designations, which arc fully revocable if the account owner is at least 65 years old. Practice tip: Name the charity as the primary ben- eficiary of the PPVA investment account, or, if the client hasn't completely committed to leaving the PPVA to the charity, consider naming the charity as the contingent beneficiary of the PPVA. This could allow any of the primary beneficiaries (for example, a surviving spouse or children) to disclaim any part of the PPVA investment account assets to charity. U.S. Clients Residing Abroad Many advisors with U.S. clients living abr