November 28, 2021 Meeting with Rocchio • LR has reviewed articles and found consistencies that strategies/techniques used by traffickers to entrap and then keep trafficking victims in relationship are nearly identical to those described in childhood sexual abuse literature as grooming; in trafficking literature referred to as entrapment and enmeshment; literature explains how analogous to literature on child sexual abuse and grooming more recent articles talk about concept of grooming as being more broadly applicable • Winters has article that just came out doing comprehensive literature review of sex trafficking literature; needs to be further replicated, but found that tactics used by child sex traffickers to recruit minors and maintain compliance are similar to CSA literature • Trauma bonding typically refers more to element of coercive control; involves power imbalance and relationship of coercive control (abusive behaviors interspersed with positive behaviors that creates intense loyalty); vulnerability factors that traffickers look for— literature comparing vulnerabilities to those used in childhood sexual abuse • Recent study looked at interplay between child factors (e.g., whether child has history of victimization; whether child has poor social skills, whether child has some form of poor attachment or negative parent/child relationship) and parent factors (e.g., whether intimate partner violence in home, history of childhood abuse, substance use) and family related factors (e.g., if other people in family being abused, if family particularly isolated); meta analysis of these studies and did statistical analysis to look at the factors to determine which factors are identified as risk factors for CSA • LR previously provided with testimony from Daubert hearing prior to meeting • Prepared for trial testimony 3502-042 Page 1 of I SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER PARAGRAPHS 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 17 EFTA_00001865 EFTA00157055